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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is meant by the term care?
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Care is the core of nursing practice and defines our work as nurses. Care helps individuals and improves health. People who receive care in the health sector expect it to be right for them.
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What is meant by the term compassion?
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Compassion is how care is given based upon empathy, espect and dignity.
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What is meant by the term frailty?
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Frailty is the condition of being weak and delicate and is often linked with age decline.
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What are the signs and symptoms of frailty?
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- unintentional weight loss (10 or more pounds within the past year) - muscle loss and weakness - fatigue - slow walking speed and low levels of physical activity |
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Define the term ageing
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The biological and social process of change.
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Name some common conditions that are linked with an increase of age.
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- Heart disease - Stroke - Depression - Sight problems - Arthritis - Deafness |
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What is the Edmonton Frail Scale?
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A scale which calculates a frailty score and looks at factors such as general health status and nutrition.
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Define the term diagnosis.
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A process that helps explain a person's symptoms and determines treatment.
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What is acute confusion (delirium)?
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- Disturbance in attention and awareness. Evidence suggests that it may be as a result of general medical condition or medication use. - Can cause change in cognition e.g. memory disorientation. |
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How many patients are admitted to acute medical wards for confusion?
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30% of older adults
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What are the risk factors of acute confusion?
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- Male - Age 65+ - Stress - Terminally ill - Drug use - poor mobility |
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How can nurses prevent acute confusion?
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- good nutrition - adequate oxygen delivery - Good sleep - encourage mobility and activity - encourage visits from friends and families |
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Give some facts about Dementia
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- 800,000 people with Dementia in the UK - Cost NHS £26.3 billion a year - 1 in 20 are under the age of 65 and 1 in 6 over the of 80 |
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What is Dementia?
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A chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease such as Alzheimer's or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.
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What are the symptoms of Dementia?
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- memory loss especially problems with memory for recent events, such as forgetting messages, remembering routes or names, and asking questions repetitively -increasing difficulties with tasks and activities that require organisation and planning becoming confused in unfamiliar environments - difficulty finding the right words - changes in personality and mood - depression |
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What is Alzheimer's Disease?
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Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, affecting an estimated 850,000 people in the UK.
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What is Depression?
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Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems.
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What are the physical symptoms of Depression?
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- moving or speaking more slowly than usual changes in appetite or weight (usually decreased, but sometimes increased) - constipation - lack of energy - low sex drive (loss of libido) - changes to your menstrual cycle - disturbed sleep – for example, finding it difficult to fall asleep at night or waking up very early in the morning |
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What are the psychological symptoms of depression?
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- continuous low mood or sadness - feeling hopeless and helpless - having low self-esteem - feeling tearful - feeling guilt-ridden - feeling irritable and intolerant of others - having no motivation or interest in things
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What are the risk factors of Depression?
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- Stress - Anxiety - Alcoholism - Drug abuse - Elderly - Parkinson's Disease |
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How can depression be treated?
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- Councilling - Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) - Exercise - Antidepressents |
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How can dignity be maintained to Vera whilst she is in hospital?
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- Give an explanation in the most appropriate way to preserve privacy. For instance, don‟t shout instructions such as “stand up from the commode and I‟ll clean you up.” - Use non-verbal communication to indicate the need to „stand up‟. Offer to close the door, stand guard by the curtain, or whatever the person wishes to ensure privacy and prevent others walking in. |
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What is a pressure ulcer?
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Pressure ulcers, also known as pressure sores, bedsores and decubitus ulcers, are localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction
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Name some intrinsic causes of pressure ulcers.
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- mobility problems - nutrition - underlying health condition that disrupts your blood supply or makes your skin more vulnerable to injury and damage - being over 70 years old - urinary incontinence and/or bowel incontinence - serious mental health conditions |
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How to prevent pressure ulcers?
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- Changing position - good nutrition - checking for pressure sores - barrier creams |
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How many different grades of pressure ulcers are there?
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Grade one - most superficial type of ulcer. The affected area of skin appears discoloured – it is red in white people, and purple or blue in people with darker-coloured skin. Grade two - The ulcer looks like an open wound or a blister Grade three - The ulcer appears as a deep, cavity-like wound. Grade four - skin is severely damaged and the surrounding tissue begins to die (tissue necrosis). The underlying muscles or bone may also be damaged. |
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What are the signs and symptoms of a pressure ulcer?
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- Redness - Pain in affected area |
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What is a stroke?
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- A stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off. - Strokes are a medical emergency and urgent treatment is essential. |
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What are the signs of a stroke?
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Face – the face may have dropped on one side, the person may not be able to smile, or their mouth or eye may have drooped. Arms – the person with suspected stroke may not be able to lift both arms and keep them there because of weakness or numbness in one arm. Speech – their speech may be slurred or garbled, or the person may not be able to talk at all despite appearing to be awake. Time – it's time to dial 999 immediately if you notice any of these signs or symptoms. |
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What are the symptoms of a stroke?
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- complete paralysis of one side of the body - sudden loss or blurring of vision - dizziness - confusion - difficulty understanding what others are saying - problems with balance and co-ordination |
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What are the treatments for a stroke?
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Thrombolysis- Ischaemic strokes can often be treated using injections of a medication. Known as a "clot-busting" medication. Is not recommended after 4.5 hours. Thrombectomy - This removes blood clots and helps restore blood flow to the brain by inserting a catheter into an artery, often in the groin. A small device is passed through the catheter into the artery in the brain. |
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Who is at risk of having strokes?
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- someone who is elderly - diabetes - high blood pressure. |
