Ventricles, Meninges, Csf And Blood Vessels Of The Brain

Front 1

connective tissue covering that protect the brain and spinal cord

Back 1

meninges

Front 2

What do the meninges contain?

Back 2

CSF

Front 3

List the cranial meninges from superficial to deep?

Back 3

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Front 4

the strongest of the meninges and it is opaque

Back 4

dura mater

Front 5

the superficial layer of the dura mater

Back 5

periosteal layer

Front 6

the deeper layer of the dura mater

Back 6

meningeal layer

Front 7

what layer of the dura mater is absent in the spinal cord?

Back 7

periosteal layer

Front 8

this meningeal layer only dips into the larger fissures

Back 8

arachnoid mater

Front 9

What space is superficial to the arachnoid mater?

Back 9

subdural space

Front 10

What space is deep to the arachnoid mater?

Back 10

subarachnoid space

Front 11

What space do you find CSF in along with a lot of the largest blood vessels serving the brain?

Back 11

subarachnoid space

Front 12

this meningeal layer is very thin and gives the brain and spinal cord a nice, shiny appearance

Back 12

pia mater

Front 13

this meningeal layer goes into large fissures and sulci

Back 13

pia mater

Front 14

gaps within the dura mater where venous (deoxygenated) blood can collect

Back 14

dural venous sinuses

Front 15

dural venous sinuses drain all of the deoxygenated blood away from the brain and enp up delivering it to where?

Back 15

internal jugular veins

Front 16

this dural venous sinus lies in the midsagittal plane and is found along the superior border of the falx cerebri

Back 16

superior sagittal sinus

Front 17

blood flowing from anterior to posterior in the superior sagittal sinus reaches the ___________

Back 17

confluence of the sinuses

Front 18

where the falx cerebri and tentorum cerebelli meet

Back 18

straight sinus

Front 19

this dural venous sinus lies in the midsagittal plane and is found along the posterior 2/3 of the inferior border of the falx cerebri

Back 19

inferior sagittal sinus

Front 20

this dural venous sinus if formed when the great cerebral vein and the inferior sagittal sinus merge

Back 20

straight sinus

Front 21

this dural venous sinus brings blood back posteriorly into the confluence of the sinuses

Back 21

straight sinus

Front 22

a very small sinus that also brings blood back into the confluence of the sinuses

Back 22

occipital sinus

Front 23

located at the posterior border of the tentorum cerebelli, these sinuses head out laterall and bring blood away from the confluence of the sinuses

Back 23

transverse sinuses

Front 24

when the transverse sinuses begin to head inferiorly, they become these sinuses

Back 24

sigmoid sinuses

Front 25

when the sigmoid sinus enters the jugular foramen what does it become?

Back 25

internal jugular vein

Front 26

this sinus brings blood away from the cavernous sinus and dumps it into the junction between the transverse and sigmoid sinuses

Back 26

superior petrosal sinus

Front 27

this sinus brings blood away from the cavernous sinus and comes in right before the sigmoid sinus goes into the jugular foramen

Back 27

inferior petrosal sinus

Front 28

very large venous sinuses located on either side of the sella tercica

Back 28

cavernous sinuses

Front 29

where the meningeal layer pulls away from the external periosteal layer to form partitions or walls within the cranial cavity to help limit excessive movement of the brain within the skull and to help support part of the brain's weight

Back 29

dural septa

Front 30

the largest of the dural septa that sits between the cerebral hemispheres along the sagittal plane and dips into the longitudinal fissure

Back 30

falx cerebri

Front 31

what does the falx cerebri attach to anteriorly?

Back 31

cristae gale of the ethmoid bone

Front 32

this dural septa separates the cerebellar hemispheres

Back 32

falx cerebelli

Front 33

this is the second largest dural septa and separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum; also holds the weight of the occipital lobes up so they are not on the cerebellum

Back 33

tentorum cerebelli

Front 34

this is the smallest dural septa and it forms a roof over the hypophyseal fossa

Back 34

sellar diaphragm

Front 35

what do we find in the hypophyseal fossa

Back 35

pituitary gland

Front 36

a stalk of hypothalamic tissue that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

Back 36

infundibulum

Front 37

what passes through the hold in the middle of the sellar diaphragm

Back 37

infundibulum

Front 38

the optic chiasma sits directly on top of this dural septa

Back 38

sellar diaphragm

Front 39

is the epidural space a real or potential space?

Back 39

potential

Front 40

the space between the periosteal layer of the dura mater and the skill

Back 40

epidural space

Front 41

is the subdural space a real or potential space?

Back 41

potential

Front 42

the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

Back 42

subdural space

Front 43

subdural hematomas are typically ____________ in origin

Back 43

venous

Front 44

epidural hematomas are typically _________ in origin

Back 44

arterial

Front 45

is the subarachnoid space a real or potential space?

Back 45

real

Front 46

this space is the location of CSF and a lot of the larger blood vessels that serve the brain

Back 46

subarachnoid space

Front 47

rupture of an ____________ can cause subarachnoid hematomas

Back 47

aneurism

Front 48

a clear colorless liquid that is formed from blood plasma and has the ability to be around neurons

Back 48

CSF

Front 49

networks of capillaries aligned by pia mater and lined by ependymal cells

Back 49

choroid plexuses

Front 50

CSF is created through these

Back 50

choroid plexuses

Front 51

if something comes from the blood plasma to come out through the choroid plexus to become a part of CSF, it has to pass through what?

Back 51

ependymal cell

Front 52

what are the 3 ways CSF contributes to homeostasis?

Back 52

mechanical protection, chemical protection, circulation

Front 53

CSF helps to nourish the brain by carrying oxygen, glucose, and other needed chemicals from the blood stream to what?

Back 53

neuroglia

Front 54

this barrier permits substances from entering the CSF in the ventricles but excludes potentially harmful subtstances

Back 54

blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

Front 55

where are the choroid plexuses?

Back 55

in the ventricles

Front 56

where are you reabsorbing CSF?

Back 56

superior sagittal sinus

Front 57

what is the rate of production and reabsorption of CSF?

Back 57

20 mL/hour

Front 58

an average adult has about _____ to _____ mL of CSF in their body and it is replaced every 4-8 hours

Back 58

80-150

Front 59

What in the superior sagittal sinus allows reabsorption to happen

Back 59

arachnoid villi

Front 60

the ventricles (spaces) of the brain arise from the _______ of the neural tube

Back 60

lumen

Front 61

what ventricle comes from the telencephalon?

Back 61

lateral ventricles

Front 62

what ventricle comes from the diencephalon?

Back 62

third ventricle

Front 63

What connects the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle?

Back 63

intraventricular foramen (foramen of Monroe)

Front 64

What connects the third and fourth ventricles?

Back 64

cerebral aqueduct

Front 65

What ventricle comes from the mesencephalon?

Back 65

cerebral aqueduct

Front 66

What ventricle comes from the metencephalon?

Back 66

fourth ventricle

Front 67

this ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord

Back 67

fourth ventricle

Front 68

What ventricles do choroid plexuses hang down from meaning that CSF can be produced in all of these places.

Back 68

lateral, third and fourth ventricles

Front 69

Before it is actually CSF what 3 things does it have to come across in the choroid plexus?

Back 69

capillary cells, pia mater, ependymal cells

Front 70

What part of the ependymal cells push the CSF to help is flow?

Back 70

cilia

Front 71

the openings in the fourth ventricles into the subarachnoid space

Back 71

apertures

Front 72

this occurs when there is an excess of CSF; water on the brain

Back 72

hydrocephalus

Front 73

treatment of hydrocephalus involves insertion of a __________ into the ventricles to drain excess CSF

Back 73

shunt

Front 74

What are the 2 major pairs of arteries that supply blood to the brain?

Back 74

vertebral and internal carotid

Front 75

the vertebral arteries unite at the caudal border of the pons to form the __________________

Back 75

basilar artery

Front 76

the vertebrobasilar system and its branches are often referred to as what?

Back 76

posterior circulation of the brain

Front 77

vertebral arteries are the first branch of what arteries?

Back 77

subclavian

Front 78

the vertebral arteries ascend through the _____________ ____________ of the cervical vertebrate and enter the skull via the ___________ ___________________

Back 78

transverse foramina, foramen magnum

Front 79

the posterior branches of the common carotid artery

Back 79

internal carotid arteries

Front 80

the internal carotid arteries and their branches are often referred to as what?

Back 80

anterior circulation of the brain

Front 81

the basilar artery ends by dividing into what?

Back 81

left and right posterior cerebral arteries

Front 82

these arise in the neck from the common carotid arteries

Back 82

internal carotid artieries

Front 83

what are the 2 terminal branches of the internal carotid arteries?

Back 83

middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries

Front 84

once they get into the skull, where do the internal carotid arteries travel?

Back 84

in the subarachnoid space

Front 85

an important anastomosis at the base of the brain between the four arteries supplying blood to the brain

Back 85

circle of Willis

Front 86

What 5 arteries compose the circle of Willis?

Back 86

anterior communicating, posterior communicating, anterior cerebral, posterior cerebral, internal carotid

Front 87

this is an important means of collateral circulation in the event that one of the arteries forming it is GRADUALLY obstructed

Back 87

circle of Willis

Front 88

this terminal branch of the internal carotid artery supplies most of the medial and superior surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres; does not supply the occipital lobes

Back 88

anterior cerebral artery

Front 89

this terminal branch of the internal carotid artery supplies the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres; does not supply the occipital lobes

Back 89

middle cerebral artery

Front 90

this is the terminal branch of the basilar artery and supplies the inferior portion of the cerebral hemispheres and all of the occipital lobes

Back 90

posterior cerebral

Front 91

the non-terminal branches of the vertebrobasilar system are responsible from blood supply to what 4 things?

Back 91

spinal cord, cerebellum, pons, inner ear

Front 92

this non-terminal branch of the vertebrobasilar system comes off of the vertebral artery and supplies the inferior surface of the cerebellum

Back 92

PICA

Front 93

this non-terminal branch of the vertebrobasilar system comes off of the vertebral artery and supplies the spinal cord

Back 93

anterior spinal artery

Front 94

this non-terminal branch of the vertebrobasilar system comes off of the basilar artery and supplies the inferior surface of the cerebellum

Back 94

AICA

Front 95

this non-terminal branch of the vertebrobasilar system comes off of the basilar artery and enters the internal acoustic meatus with CNVII and CNVIII to supply the inner ear

Back 95

labyrinthine artery