Ventilation In Exercise And At High Altitude

Front 1

What are the four areas that face compensation during high altitude and exercise?

Back 1

1) arterial blood
2) venous blood
3)pulmonary blood flow/perfusion
4) Hb-O2 binding curve

Front 2

What happens during exercise in those four areas?

Back 2

1) arterial blood - no change or slight decrease in pH
2) venous blood - increase in PVCO2
3) pulmonary blood flow - Q increases because C.O. increases, decrease in physiologic dead space, increase V/Q
3) Hb-O2 binding curve - shifts to right making it easier to let go of O2

Front 3

What is the role of muscle and joint mechanoreceptors in exercise?

Back 3

command DRG to increase ventilation

Front 4

What happens with arterial PO2 and PCO2 during exercise

Back 4

doesnt change
slight oscillations that are sensed by chemoreceptors and quickly adjusted

Front 5

What happens to the four key areas during high altitude?

Back 5

1)ventilation increases
2) arterial blood decreases PaO2 and increases pH in respiratory alkalosis
3) increased pulmonary resistance, hypertrophy because of hypoxic vasoconstriction
4)Hb-O2 curve - shifted to right making it easier to unload O2 in tissues because of 2-3-BPG production

Front 6

What special adaptation occurs to make it more easy to deliver O2 to tissues in high altitude?

Back 6

polycythemia and EPO production

Front 7

What are the steps towards hyperventilation at high altitude?

Back 7

1)PCO2 = 60mmhg
2) triggers peripheral chemoreceptors and increases respiratory rate
3) extra CO2 expired causes respiratory alkalosis
4) kidneys compensate by increasing HCO3 excretion
5) pH of CSF goes back to noraml
6) hyperventilation resumes

Front 8

What can you use to compensate for the respiratory alkalosis?

Back 8

acetazolamide which increases renal HCO3 excretion

Front 9

what is the function of acetzaloamide?

Back 9

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor