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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Ventilation?
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respiratory rate
number of respiratory cycles per min |
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Define Minute Volume?
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Sum of all tidal volumes in 1 minute
rate X tidal volume |
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How is Minute Volume calculated?
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90cc X IBW
(90ccX Ideal body weight) |
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Inspiratory Flow time
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Time from the beginning to end of inspiration
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Inspiratory Pause time
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the time when lungs are held inflated at a fixed pressure or volume
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Inspiratory Phase time
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Time between the
start of inspiratory flow & the beginning of expiratory flow Inspriatory flow time + Insp Pause time |
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Inspiratory Flow rate
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Rate at which gas flows into the pt
expressed as volume/unit time 2 Liters/minute |
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Expiratory Flow rate
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Rate at which gas is exhaled by the pt
volume per unit time ( L/min) |
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Peak Pressure
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Maximum Pressure within the airway during the Inspiratory Phase time
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Plateau Pressure
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Resting pressure during the inspiratory pause
plauteau is lower then the peak! |
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Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
(PEEP) |
Positive pressure in the airway at the end of exhalation
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Compliance
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Measures the distensibility
ml/cm H20 |
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Reisistance
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Opposition to gas flow
cm H20/ L/ sec |
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What factors would cause compliance to decrease?
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COPD (Emphysema)
Decreased surfactant - Aveoli Fibrosis |
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What factors would cause resistance to Increase?
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Pneumothoarx
Hemothoarx ARDS COPD Status Asthmat ETT size or tube obstruction |
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Expiratory flow time
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Time between the beginning & end of expiratory flow
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Expiratory pause time
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Time from end of expiratory flow to the start of inspiratory flow
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Expiratory phase time
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Expiratory phase time
Time between start of expiratory flow and start of inspiratory flow Expiratory flow + expiratory pause time I:E Ratio Ratio of the inspiratory phase time to the expiratory phase time Commonly expressed with inspiratory phase time as “1” |
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How does the parasympathetic nervous system impact respiration?
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Smooth muscles surrounding respiratory system are innervated by the Parasympathetic Nervous system
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What does the Parasympathetic NS do during Inspiration?
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During inspiration, when lung volume increases, these stretch receptors increase their neural firing rate.
This causes a DECREASE in PARASYMPATHETIC Tone to the smooth muscles & thus Decrease constriction of the airways, Decreasing air flow resistance. |
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What does the Parasympathetic NS do during expiration?
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The decrease in lung volume causes an INCREASE in parasympathetic tone and INCREASE smooth muscle constriction and INCREASE air flow resistance.
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What is the parasympathetic NS?
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cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or glandular tissue
"rest and digest" part of the autonomic NS |
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What is the Sympathetic NS?
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"Fight or Flight"
stimulating SNS= inc HR inc BP part of the autonomic NS |
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What is normal Compliance?
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80-100 ml/cmH20
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What conditions are associated with
High compliance? |
COPD/emphysema
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Why is COPD/emphysema associated with High Compliance?
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aveola walls are lost so they become loose and floppy.
so...only a small pressure difference is necessary to maintain a large volume |
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What conditions are associated with Low Compliance?
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Pulmonary Edema (cardiogenic & non).
severe pneumonia. Kyphoscoliosis. obesity. pulmonary fibrosis |
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How is compliance measured?
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ml/cmH20
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How is resistance measured?
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cmH20/Liter/second
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