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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ventilation |
Responsible for refreshing Alveolar gas |
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Tidal Voume |
V(t) -since this is larger than dead space V(D), most fresh air enters alveoli with used air -the portion that enters alveoli is termed Alveolar volume V(a)
=V(D) + V(a) |
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Respiratory frequency |
-FR -Number of breaths we take in one minute |
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Total ventilation |
-V(E) =V(t) x FR = FR x V(D) + FR V(a)
Ultimately V(E) = V(D) + V(a) |
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Dead space (Bohr equation) |
F(I) = inspired gas fraction F(a) = Alveolar gas fraction
V(D)/V(T) = (F(E)-F(A)/F(I)-F(A)) oxygen V(D)/V(T) = (F(A)-F(E)/F(A)) carbon dioxide |
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Basal Metabolic rate |
-Minimal value for demand of oxygen uptake =VO2
37 Celsius = 250mL/min 38 Celsius = 275 mL/min 36 Celsius = 225 mL/min |
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Max O2 rate (VO2) |
-Increase by 10 fold during exercise |
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Respiratory exchange ratio |
CO2 output/ O2 uptake
Crabs -1 Fats - .7 protein - .8
-In stead state R lung = RQ tissue |
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Dalton's law |
-P total = P1 + P2 + P3 |
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Calculating partial pressure of respiratory gas with fractional concentration |
Px=Fx (P(B)-P(H2O))
-P(H2O) of body = 47 -Fraction of oxygen in air = .21 -Sea level barometric = 760 mmHg (decrease with elevation) |
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Alveolar PO2 |
P(A)O2=P(I)O2 - (P(A)CO2/R) |
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Alveolar PCO2 |
P(A)CO2 = 863 x VCO2/V(A)
-Alveolar ventilation (V(A))
-As ventilation increases, P(A)CO2 decreases and P(A)O2 increases |
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Normoventilation |
-P(A)CO2 normal (40mmHg) |
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Hyperventilation |
P(A)CO2 reduced
-aspirin toxicity, high altitude hypoxia, progesterone, anxiety, metabolic acidosis |
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Hypoventilation |
P(A)CO2 increased
-Barbiturate overdose, metabolic alkalosis |
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Hyperpea |
-Increase ventilation without change in PCO2 -Exercise -Expels CO2 produced -maintains 40mmHg |
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Tachypnea |
Breathing with increased respiratory frequency |
