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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the upper extremity DEEP veins?
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Radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary, subclavian, internal jugular, r and left innonomate
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What are the SUPERFICIAL veins of the lower extremity
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greater Saphenous
Lesser Saphenous Posterior Arch Vein |
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What are the deep veins of the lower extremity
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ATV, PTV, Peron, Gastrocnemius veins, soleal sinuses, pop vein, SFV, Profunda, CFV, Ext Illiac, Common Illiac, SVC, IVC
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Which veins dont have valves
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Vena Cava
Brachiocephalic Veins Soleal Sinuses |
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Veins return _____ blood to the right atrium, and also serve as a big storage system
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deoxygenated blood
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_______ begins with many tributaries on dorsum of hand (thumb side) and courses along the outer border bicep muscle and ends in axillary vein
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Cephalic Vein
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The _____ vein begins on the small finger side of the hand with multiple tributaries. it becomes a single vein in the bicep and continues as the axilary vein
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Basilic Vein
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_____ is a superficial vein that connects the basilic and cephalic vein as it crosses over the brachial vessels at the bend in the elbow
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Median Cubital Vein
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The ____ vein parallels the internal jugular vein in the neck but this is more superficial and slightly more posterior. This vein branches off the subclavian vein above the clavicle.
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External Jugular
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____ are paired veins that accompany the radial artery and join w/ the ulnar vein @ or below the antecubital fossa to form the brachial vein
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Radial Veins
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______ are paired veins that follow the course of ulnar artery and terminate at the origin of the brachial vein
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Ulnar Veins
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______ are usually paired veins that accompany the brachial artery through its course in the upper arm and join the axillary vein @ the lower margin of the subcapularis or teres major muscle
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Brachial Veins
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The ______ is a large single vein the is the continuation of the basilic vein. It eventually becomes the subclavian vein
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axillary vein
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The ______ is the continuation of the axillary vein. It joins w/ the jugular vein to form the innominnate vein
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Subclavian Vein
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The _____ courses w/ the carotid artery and connects with the subclavian vein to form the innominate vein
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Internal Jugular Vein
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What is the AKA for innominate vein
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Brachiocephalic Vein
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The ____ Is a short vessel about 1 inch long. It eventually joins the left innominate to form the superior vena cava
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Right Innominate Vein
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The ____ is longer than its right counterpart. It is appox 2.5 " in length. It is the only deep vein in the body without an accompaning artery
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Left Innominate Vein
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What are the upper extremity Superficial Veins?
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Cephalic, Basilic and Median Cubital
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What are the veins of the portal system?
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SMV, IMV, Splenic Vein, and Gastric Veins
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The _____ returns blood from the small intestines and from portions of the colon. It joins the splenic vein to form the portal.
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Superior Messenteric Vein
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_____ is formed by 5 or 6 branches and drains the blood from the spleen. It joins w/ the SMV.
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Splenic Vein
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______ drains blood from the rectum, sigmoid and descending colon. It ends in the splenic vein.
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Inferior Messenteric Vein
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2 _____veins drain the stomach and terminate in the portal vein
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gastric veins
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_____ originate w/in the liver @ the capillary end of the hepatic artery
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hepatic veins
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How does blood flow through the veins
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1. Residual Force from contraction of the heart
2. Pressure changes in respiration 3. calf muscle pump (venous heart) 4. functioning venous valves |
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What is the simplified law of hemodynamics
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Blood Flow =
pressure 1-pressure 2 _________________________ Resistance |
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______ = static filling
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Intravascular Pressure
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_______ is the driving pressure left over from contraction of the heart
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dynamic pressure
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______ is the pressure due to gravity or the weight of a column of fluid
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hydrostatic pressure
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______ is the difference between intramural and extrinsic pressure
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Transmural Pressure
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_____ is when venous valves are damaged or inadequate and blood becomes trapped in the legs when they are dependent
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venous insufficiency
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______ can chronically obstruct normal flow channels causing impeded venous return
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residual thrombosis aka reflux
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What are the 3 factors that contribute to thrombus in the veins?
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1. injury to the vein wall
2. Stasis (anything causing blood to slow) 3. Hypercoaguable State |
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Where does thrombus typically get started?
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anywhere blood flow slows
1. soleal sinus 2. valve pockets 3. valve cusps 4 lt common illiac vein |
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What are some signs and syptoms that may alert the clinician to the possibility of acute DVT?
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1. acute onset of localized tenderness
2.Tense Full Calf 3.Swelling 4. Prominent Superficial Venous pattern 5. Cyanosis of the limb 6. sensation of heavyness 7. Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens 8. Phlegmasia alba Dolens |
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What are signs of superficial Thrombosis?
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1. Red hot tender along the course of a superficial vein
2. Palpable cord |
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_____ is a permanent dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venules
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telangiectasia
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That things cause venous insufficiency?
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1. Congenital Absecnce of valves
2. Pregnancy 3. When collaterals enlarge 4. When valves are damaged due to thrombosis |
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In the presence of valvular incompetence and or residual venous obstruction the pressures dont drop as in normal, or may even exceed resting pressure. This is known as ______.
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ambulatory venous hypertension (caused by incompetent valves)
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What things cantransmission of the venous hypertension to the capillaries produce?
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1. edema
2. stasis dermatitis 3. hyperpigmentation 4. induration 5. ulceration 6. varicose veins |
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______ varicose veins are a congenital inherent weakness of the vein walls
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Primary
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______ varicose veins occur in assosiation of pathology such as DVT and abscense of deep vein valves
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Secondary
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_____ is an invasive technique that has been considered the gold standard for decades
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contrast venography
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____ means you hear flow in the vessle without having to do any manipulations
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spontaneity
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Lower Extremity venous signal is normally phasic w/ respiration ____ w/respiration
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increasing
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Valsalva should stop flow everywhere in the body. If not or if augmentation occurs during the maneuver it signifies _______
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reflux
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Pulsatile venous flow is evident in cases of ______
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fluid overload
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______ is used to monitor filling and emptying of blood in a segment of the calf
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plethysmogrophy
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____ measures the changes in impedance to the current from electrodes
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Impedance Plethysmography
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______ measures the resistance in a mercury tube
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Strain Gauge Plethysmography
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______ measures the outflow of blood following deflation of the BP cuff
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Pneumoplethysmography or Air cuff
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A vein is suitable for vein mapping should measure _____
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3 mm
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_______ vein insufficiency is congenital absence of the valves
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primary
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_____ venous insufficency is due to damaged valves from previous thrombosis
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Secondary
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Reflux lastin longer than _____ confirms incompetent valves
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.75 seconds
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What are some medications used to treat DVT?
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1. heparin
2. coumadin 3. thrombolytic agents |
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______ is the most common treatment for DVT
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Heparin
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How are venous stasis ulcers treated?
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limb elevation
and limb compression devices |
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a ______ may be inserted to prevent thromi from reaching the pulmonary artery
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vena cava filter
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Surgical intervention for DVT is rare, the only indication being____ due to compromise of arterial inflow, secondary to extensive venous outflow obstruction
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limb ischemia
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How might superficial vein thrombosis be treated?
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Surgically tie off to prevent extension to the deep sysem
or Painful areas may be removed |
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How might venous stasis ulcers be treated?
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ligation of perforators of valve transplantation
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The calf pump is also known as _____
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the peripheral heart
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