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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the vector for most arboviruses?
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Arthropod vectors
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What are the three major families of arboviruses?
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1. Togaviridae
2. Flaviviridae 3. Bunyaviridae |
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What is the most common human disease caused by arbovirus in the United States?
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Encephalitis
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What animal tends to transmit the virus to arthopods that end up infecting humans?
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Birds
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What is the most common procedure used to diagnose arbovirus infection?
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Lumbar puncture looking for IgM antibodies specific for arboviri.
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What prevention measures are used in combating arbovirus?
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1. Vectors avoidance
2. Vector elimination |
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What arboviri have available vaccines?
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1. Yellow fever
2. Japanese B encephalitis |
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What are the four cardinal manifestations of encephalitis?
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1. Fever
2. Headache 3. Altered mental status 4. Focal neurological signs |
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Alpha virus is part of what family of viruses?
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Togavirus
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Do alphaviruses have surface glycoproteins?
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Yes they have 2-3.
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What kind of genome does alphavirus have?
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Non-segmeneted (+) ssRNA
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What are three alpha viruses endemic to the US?
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1. EEE
2. WEE 3. Venezuelan EE |
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How long is EEE's incubation peroid? What is its mortality rate?
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1. 1 Week
2. 30% to 40% |
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How does the patient present with EEE?
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Symptoms of encephalitis
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What are two poor prognostic factors of EEE?
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1. High WBC in CSF
2. Hyponaturemia |
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What is the cause of hyponaturemia in EEE?
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Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
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What is common among 30% of survivors of EEE?
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Sequelae of CNS symptoms
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What is flavivirus' genome?
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Non-segmented (+) ssRNA
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What is the major antigen used in testing for flavivirus infection?
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E glycoprotein (hemagglutinin)
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What are the four classes of flaviviruses?
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1. Misquito-borne encephalitis
2. Dengue 3. Yellow fever 4. Tick borne encephalitis |
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What is special about transmission of flavivirus in ticks?
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They exhibit transovarial transmission.
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Before WNV, what was the major cause of viral encephalitis in the US?
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St. Louis Encephalitis
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How can you tell the difference between SLE and WNV?
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In SLE the birds do not die while they do die in WNV.
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What is the species of the vector in SLE?
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Culex mosquito.
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What is the incubation time in SLE?
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1-2 weeks
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What are the three cardinal syndromes of SLE?
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1. Fever, stiff neck and headaches
2. Aseptic meningitis 3. Overt encephlitis |
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What is the mortality of SLE?
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15%
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What is the incubation period in WNV?
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3-14 days
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Most cases of WNV are _________?
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Asymptomatic - 80%
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What are the CBC, Hct, and WBCs like in WNV?
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Normal
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What levels are high in WNV?
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IgM levels in CSF
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What is the best method to prevent WNV?
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Don't raise misquitos.
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What is the mortality rate of Japanese B Encephalitis?
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20% to 50%
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What should be considered if you are going to travel into the countryside of Japan?
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Vaccine to Japanese B Encephalitis
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How many cases of Dengue are seen worldwide?
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100 million
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What is the principal vector of Dengue? An alternative vector?
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1. Aedes aegypti
2. Aedes albopictus |
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How many serotypes does Dengue have and what problem does this present?
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1. 4
2. With multiple serotypes you increase the risk of Dengue Shock Syndrome. |
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What is another name for Dengue fever?
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Break-bone fever - associated with painful arthralgias.
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What is important about the temporal presentation of dengue?
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It is biphasic.
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What is one of the classic signs of dengue?
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Macular rash - scarlotina
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What is a consequence of dengue shock syndrome?
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Increased hematocrit
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What is the primary host in Dengue?
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Humans!
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What are the two cycles of yellow fever?
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Urban - Vector: Aeges aegypti; Host: Humans
Jungle - Vector: mosquitos; Host: Monkeys |
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How long is the incubation period for YF?
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Less than a week
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What are two tell tale signs of YF?
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1. Jaundice
2. Black vomit |
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What is the classical association with YF?
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Faget's sign - bradycardia with a high fever
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How do you diagnose YF? What do you see?
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Liver biopsy - councilman bodies
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What disease are councilman bodies seen in?
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Yellow fever
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What is the only tick-born flavivirus disease seen in the US?
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Powassan
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What is special about the Bunyavirudea?
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Has segmented (-) ssRNA
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What is the most common cause of endemic arbovirus infection?
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LaCrosse encephalitis
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What is the vector in Colorado Tick Fever?
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Dermancentor andersoni
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