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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anopheles larvae |
Malaria - wiggle horizontally up and down no breathing tube. adults stand 45 degree angle on flat surface. |
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Culex larvae |
St Louis encephalitis. West Nile virus, western equine encephalitis
Lies at 45 degree angle on long breathing tube |
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Aedes larvae |
Yellow fever/ dengue
Short thick of breathing tube relies on surface tension to stay afloat- constantly moving |
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Larval surveys |
Use long mosquito larvae Dipper to not scare larvae, count sample. |
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Dry ice traps |
Utilizes carbon dioxide as attractant for mosquitoes- such as piece of lard. |
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Large water bodies mosquito |
If possible, drain water. Floating debris cleared. Larvicide such as petroleum break surface tension of water and kills larvae |
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Using natural enemies- control |
1. Gambusia affinis, freshwater fish of the middle family referred to as mosquito fish 2. The dragonfly- dragonfly larvae consume mosquito larvae and adult dragonfly devours adult mosquito as food |
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Pesticides |
Last resort to control mosquito breeding because insecticides pose another Hazard to the environment |
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Adult mosquito control |
1. Spray insecticides 2. Screening - nets, bed nets 3. Protective clothing 4. Repellents, deet popular |
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Common housefly |
Musca domestics- most dangerous for transfer of germs, breeds in feces of horse, Pig, chicken, dog, man, not cattle. Can live up to 60 days |
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Blowfly/ bottle fly |
Breeds in dead animals. Attracted to substance called mercaptan. |
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Dysentary |
Infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with presence of blood and mucus in the feces |
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Myiasis |
Parasitic infection of the body of a live mammal by fly larvae that grow inside the host while feeding on its tissue |
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Black blow fly |
Mechanical transmitter of diarrhea and dysentery. Common cause of my myiasis and sheep and cattle. Commonly found in wounds of skin opening scars. Life cycle is 10 - 25 days |
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Black fly |
Second only to mosquitoes for blood-sucking characteristics, primarily female. Eggs laid in free-flowing, fast-moving water such as River or streams, larvae attached to submerged rocks.
Can transmit human oncocerciasis ( also known as river blindness) |
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Deer fly |
Chrysops discali - known to cause tularemia Bites often painful, remain swollen. Lay eggs and vegetation near Stillwater such as ponds and lakes. Larvae develop and wet soil /water. |
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Fruit fly |
Drosophilidae - breed indicating fruit. Nuisance and bars for fruit liquor bottles. |
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Vector |
Organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another |
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Fly control |
1. Sanitation, eliminate the breeding environment 2. Larvae control Biological and physical control. Introduce natural enemies bacteria that attacks fly life cycle. Physical with minimum 6in landfill cover to prevent larvae from emerging. |
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Use of insecticides |
A. Aerial spraying B. Fly chords and resin strips C. Larviciding D. Resistance factors E. Screening, economical and effective 16 strands per inch F. Air curtains G. Sterile flies |
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Fly Grill surveys |
Shudder's fly grill Most common device to determine local fly population and density. Places on natural attractant manure or Garbage then count number of flies land on grill in 30 seconds. |
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Pronotum |
Body shell of a cockroach |
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Ootheca |
Egg cases for cockroaches. Strong protective casing. |
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German cockroach |
Approximately half to three-quarters of an inch in size as an adult.
They are pale Brown to light brown in color and has two longitudinal stripes on the pronotum.
Most common to invade home and restaurant. Lays and Carries 4-8 ootheca in lifetime, that has 30 to 50 eggs 28 days to hatch |
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Brown-banded cockroach |
Smaller than German cockroach. 1/2 inch long. Radio, TV Roach.Lay ootheca under tv, radio, with approximately 18 eggs
Lay 14ootheca in lifetime under tv, radio, with approximately 18 eggs. Hatch 50- 75 |
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Oriental cockroach |
Approximately 1 to 2 inches, resemble a beetle. They cannot climb.Ootheca
Ootheca 8 Ootheca in lifetime, carry 8 eggs which hatch in 60 days |
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American cockroach |
Largest cockroach approximately 3 to 4 inches. 15 - 90 Oothika in lifetime, contains 14 - 16 eggs hatch in 50 days. Flies often. |
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Cockroach control, different methods |
1. Identify cockroach and its life cycle 2. Determine level of infestation, and full-blown infestation identify source 3. Determine type of extermination, tenting with fumigation you silly the best or spray and fog each unit. |
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Norway rat |
Rattus norvegicus Most vicious and territorial. Tails shorter than body and thick. Burrow in ground and swim.
1- 1.5 feet, weight a pound
Feces - 3/4 inch length, rounded ends- capsules
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Roof rat |
Not vicious, agile climbers. longer 1/3 than body and slender Tail. Live in high places.
Feces - 1/2 inch. Pointed ends, banana shape |
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House mouse |
Smallest of the three, Long tail, 3-4x longer than body, living any convenient place, short migration range.
Feces, 1/4 inch, pointed ends, pointed rod |
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Rodent control |
Eliminate food source, proper sanitation, rodent harborage site must be removed.
Norway rat Burrows at 45 degree angle. Can set up L shaped 4 inch thick underground concrete barrier
Plug holes in entrances, screens minimum 16 to 24 gauge - 1/4 inch thick. Rodent trapping |
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Rodent proofing |
Ventilation should be screened and sealed, pipes no larger than quarter inch.
trees and branches should not touch building, clean all dropped fruit veggies plants. |
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Pesticides when to use |
Consider the last method to control the insect or pest population. Perfect pesticide is one that hits and kills a Target organism, harmless to humans and beneficial insects, and is relatively non-toxic. |
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4 classification of pesticides |
A. Stomach poisons, must ingest the poison. B. Contact poisons, absorption by the insect Body by touching the poison C. Fumigant poisons, the insect breeds the poison D. Desiccants, desiccants releases the body fluids of the insect and dries out the insect. It removes the waxy outer layer of the body which keeps the body fluids in |
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LD50 |
Chemicals are now classified in relation to lethal dose by chemical amount. Milligram per kilogram of animal body weight. Where 50% tested population dies. |
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Highly toxic ld50 |
5 to 50 mg per kilogram of body weight |
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Toxic ld50 |
50 - 500 mg per kilogram by body weight |
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Moderately toxic ld50 |
500 to 1000 mg per kilogram of body |
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Slightly toxic ld50 |
1000 - 5000 mg per kilogram of body weight |
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Non-toxic ld-50 |
5000 or more milligram per kilogram of body weight |
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Synergist |
Combination of two substances that yields a greater overall effect then if used separately. Many pesticide companies will mix an agent with a synergist to enhance the killing power of another chemical. |
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Pyrethrum |
Ld-50 1500 mg per kilogram, natural organic insecticide produced from chrysanthemums |
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Alletharin |
Synthesized form of pyrethrum. Moderately toxic. |
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Chlorinated hydrocarbons |
Mostly band because staying environment for a long time. Use during World War two era |
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Lindane |
Ld-50 150 mg per kilogram. Used in low concentration to treat head lice |
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DDT |
Ld-50 500 mg per kilogram. Very effective against pests but remain stable environment for a long periods of time |
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Methoxychlore |
Ld-50 5000 milligrams per kilogram. Used effectively against fleas |
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Deet |
Applied to skin or clothing can be effective insect repellent for many variety of insects. Considered most effective on the commercial Market |
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Red squill |
Natural emetics our agents which causes an animal to regurgitate. Cause vomit to enter lungs, leading to drowning |
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1080 |
Resembles white sugar and flour. Extremely toxic and fast-acting. Used on rats |
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1081 |
Used in sewer systems to kill rats |
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Nor bromide |
Safest single dose, highly toxic to Norway rat, low toxicity to other mammals. |
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Zinc phosphide |
Hey pungent garlic, grayish and black powder favored by all domestic rodents. |
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Paris green |
Arsenic is a primary ingredient in this rodenticide |
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Organophosphates |
Central nervous system inhibitor |