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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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size of B. anthracis
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large
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difference between B. anthracis and B. cereus
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for anthracis:
non-mobile capsulated 35 vs 30 sensitive to penicillin |
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what does B. anthracis cause
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anthrax
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clinical diseases of anthrax
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cutaneous anthrax
pulmonary anthrax gastrointestinal anthrax |
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virulence factor of B. anthrax
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capsule
exotoxin |
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life cycle of B. anthracis
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- spores innoculated(abrasion), inhalated or ingested
- phagocytosed by macrophage - transported to regional lymph nodes - spores germinate and vegetative bacteria multiply - enter blood |
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morphology of B. anthracis
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- large rod
- squarish end - endospore centrally located |
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epidemiology of anthrax
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- mainly a disease in herbivores
- spores survive in soil for decades |
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the main clinical type of anthrax
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cutaneous
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development of cutaneous anthrax
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- small pruritic papule
- enlarges - ulcer currounded by vesicles - black necrotic central eschar - edema - painless |
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Dx of cutaneous anthrax
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gram stain
culture of vesicular fluid |
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why pulmonary anthrax has high mortality rate
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difficult to diagnose early
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how pulmonary anthrax is presented
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-biphasic
initail: viral RTI for 2-3 days acute: hypoxia, dyspnea - haemorrhage in bronchi and lungs - pleural effusion - septicaemia - meningitis |
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how is gastrointestinal anthrax acquired
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ingestion of contaminated meat
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Sx of gastrointestinal anthrax
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nausea
vomitting diarrhea abdominal pain bleeding ascites |
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Tx of anthrax
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ciprofloxacin/doxycycline
+1/2 from rifampicin/chloramphenicol/clarithromycin/vancomycin |
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prophylaxis of anthrax
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oral ciprofloxacin for 60 days
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the 3 clinical manifestations of B. cereus
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1. food poisoning
2. serious infection 3. fatal infections |
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what are the two forms in food poisoning? and why 2
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emetic form
diarrheal form caused by 2 enterotoxins |
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emetic form in B. cereus
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- short IP
- severe nausea - vomiting - rice |
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diarrheal form in B. cereus
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long IP
abdominal cramps diarrhea |
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Dx of food poisoning in B. cereus
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IP
food |
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Tx of of food poisoning in B. cereus
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symptomatic
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the risk of serious infection of B. cereus
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impaired natural defenses --> endophthalmitis, musculoskeletal infections
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risk of fatal infection of B. cereus
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immunosuppression --> overwhelming bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia
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Tx for serious infection in B. cereus
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chloramphenicol
aminoglycosieds clindamycin vancomycin |
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antibiotics characteristics of B. cereus
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resistant to beta-lactams
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what +ve aerobic bacilli has two strains
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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the two strains of C. diphtheriae
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toxigenic
non-toxigenic |
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what does toxigenic C. diphtheriae cause
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diphtheria
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Can C. diptheriae find in animal
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no. man is the only host
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who transmitted C. diphtheriae and why
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carriers.
subclinical and convalescent |
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how C. diphtheriae is transmitted
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respiratory droplets
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microscopic appearance of C. diphtheriae
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volutin granules
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what do Albert's stain for
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staining C. diphtheriae
metachromatic dots |
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what stain show metachromatic dots
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Albert's stain with C. diphtheriae
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how C. diphtheriae appear in Albert's stain and why
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metachromatic dots because of volutin granules
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what is Tellurite medium for and how is it appear
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C. diphtheriae
black colonies after 48 hours |
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C. diphtheriae culture on what medium
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Tellurite medium
black colonies after 48 hours |
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what is Elek's plate for
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C. diphtheriae
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characteristics of C. diphtheriae
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motile
non-sporing arranged in palisade club-shape swelling at ends |
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do non-toxigenic strain of C. diphtheriae cause disease
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yes
endocarditis meningitis cerebral abscess osteoarthritis |
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does bacteremia occur in C. diphtheriae
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not invasive
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how do toxigenic C. diphtheriae cause disease
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infection in the URT
produce toxin and cause systemic disease |
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when should antibiotics be given after dx of anthrax
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early because tx is ineffective when septicaemis disease develop
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T/F B anthracis is highly susceptible to pencillin
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T
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T/F B cereus may be a normal flora
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T may be present in normal stool sample
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how is B cereus determined
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quantitative cultures to determine the number of organisms per gram of food sample
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what Elek test for
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to identify the toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae
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clinical manifestations of diphtheria
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respiratory tract diphtheria
cutaneous diphtheria |
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sx of respiratory tract diphtheria
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tonsils and fauces inflamed
exudate formed pseudomembrane: lymphocytes, cell debris, fibrin, bacteria |
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is respiratory tract diphtheria fatal
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yes due to suffocation after aspiration of pseudomembrane
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what bacteria are associated with cutaneous diphtheria
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S. aureus
group A strep |
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what Elek test for
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to identify the toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae
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clinical manifestations of diphtheria
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respiratory tract diphtheria
cutaneous diphtheria |
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sx of respiratory tract diphtheria
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tonsils and fauces inflamed
exudate formed pseudomembrane: lymphocytes, cell debris, fibrin, bacteria |
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is respiratory tract diphtheria fatal
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yes due to suffocation after aspiration of pseudomembrane
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what bacteria are associated with cutaneous diphtheria
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S. aureus
group A strep |
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sx of cutaneous diphtheria
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chronic non-healing ulcers
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what is diphtheroids
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non-pathogenic Corynebacterium sp.
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where are diphtheroids found
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normal commensals of humanskin, URT, external ears and conjunctivae
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what are the sporing +ve aerobic bacilli
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Bacillus
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what are the non-sporing +ve aerobic bacilli
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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Corynebacterium Listeria monocytogenes |
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morphology of Corynebacterium
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club-shaped swellings at ends
palisade |
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Tx of diphtheria
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anti-toxin
penicillin erythromycin (macrolid) |
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what causes abortion in cows
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L. monocytogenes
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what is the effect of L. monocytogenes on animal
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abortion in cows
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how L. monocytogenes affect cows
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abortion
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how L. monocytogenes affect human
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listeriosis
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where is L. monocytogenes found
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faeces of infected animal
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the temperature for L. monocytogenes growth
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0-45
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how is L. monocytogenes acquired
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- direct contact with infected animals
- handling raw meat - ingestion of contaminated food - drinking contaminated milk |
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can L. monocytogenes survive pasteurization
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no
not heat resistant enough |
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why immunity depends on CMI for L. monocytogenes
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intracellular parasite
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is Ab useful in L. monocytogenes
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no intracellular parasite
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Dx of listeriosis
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gram stain
culture |
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Tx of invasive listeriosis
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ampicillin + gentamicin
ampicillin + cotrimoxazole |
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Tx for gastroenteritis in listeriosis
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no
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when is L. monocytogenes infections in pregnancy occur
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3rd trimester
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Sx of L. monocytogenes infections in pregnancy
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flu-like illness
may be aSx |
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how is L. monocytogenes infections in neonates occur
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transplacental transmission
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Sx of L. monocytogenes infections in neonates
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disseminated infection:
meningitis sepsis gastroenteritis |
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the main group of people acquire L. monocytogenes infections
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IS
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what does erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae cause in man
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erysipeloid
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how is erysipeloid presents
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localized cutaneous infection
septicaemia endocarditis |
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how is erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae transmitted
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meat
poultry fish |
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Dx of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
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culture of blood from infected site
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Tx for erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
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penicillin
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what is resistant to vancomycin
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erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
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can vancomycin be used to treat erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
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no. resistant
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where is lactobacillus found
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oral
stomach intestine vagina |
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what is the pH environment for Lactobacillus
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acidic
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