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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how should blood be preserved after collection
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refridgerated. - brought to room temperature before analysis and gently remixed.
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what is the differance between plasma and serum
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plasma does not contain fibrin and does not clot in an edta tube, serum is collected in a serum seprator and contains fibrin
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What is sreum, how is it stored?
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the fluid squeezed out of a blood clot. it can be refridgerated or frozen
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What can long centrifugation times result?
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hemolysis of cells.
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why is heparin the prefered anticoagulant? and how does it work?
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it causes less interferance with chemical assays. inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
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What is the best anticoagulant for hematologic studies but not recommended for chemical assays? and how does it work?
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EDTA(ethylenediaminetraacetic acid). insoluble complex with calcium, which is needed for clot formation.
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what is a disadvantage of using Oxolates?
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they bind to certain metallic ions, which can alter enzyme activity.
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why would you need to collect more blood from a dehydrated animal for a sample?
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because a dehydrated animal yeilds a smaller ratio of fluid to cells.
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Give three reasons why you might need extra samples?
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instrument failure
sample dilution technician error need to send sample to lab |
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what is hemolysis and what are some potential causes?
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hemolysis is the destruction of rbc's which releases hemoglobin. potential causes are blood drawn into moist syringe, blood sample forced through small gauge syringe, sample that is mixed too vigorously
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what effect can hemolysis have on the sample?
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it can interfere with results.
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what is albumin. What do decreased albumin levels indicate?
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serum protein, binds calcium, transports fatty acids. malnutrition, malabsorbtion, enteritis, glomularnephritis
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what do decreased Bicarbonates indicate
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acidosis
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what does increased bilirubin indicate?
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liver disease, hemolytic disease ( anemia)
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what does BUN stand for and What does an increased bun indicate?
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Blood Urea Nitrogen level. increased indicates: Azotemia, Uremia
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What are some potential causes of increased BUN
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Pre renal: Heart disease, hypoadrenocortiicism,
dehydration, shock. Post renal: Uretral obstruction, Bladder rupture, Urethral laceration renal causes: Glomular, tubular, or intersitial disease, nonfunctional nephrons. (70%) |
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Why would Bun levels decrease?
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starvation or chronic liver disease.
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When do high levels of creatinine appear in the blood? and where is creatine produced?
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when 75% of the kidney becomes non functional. creatinine is a product of muscle metabolisim.
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what does a creatinin BUN ratio that is higher than 20:1 indicate. A low ratio?
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azotemia, liver failure
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what do increased globulin levels indicate?
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chronic inflamation
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what do increased glucose levels indicate?
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diabetes, stressed animals also have a higher glucose level.
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What does plasma protein indicate?
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level of dehydration. a decrease in TP indicates glomular disease, liver disease, starvation, malabsobtion
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What is ALT and what does an increased ALT indicate?
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Alanine transaminase. Hepatocyte damage, muscle damage, hemolysis
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What does AST stand for and what do high levels indicate?
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Aspartate transaminase. hepatocyte damage, musle damage, hemolysis
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Lactate dehydrogenase increased levels indicate?
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hepatocyte damage, muslce damage hemolysis
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increased Alkaline phosphate indicates?
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colostral ALP, Hepatocyte damage, biliary damage, osteoblast damage
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Gama Glutarytransferase (GGT) indicates?
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hepatocyte damage
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Increased levels of Creatine Kinase?
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Damage muscle fibers, sign of necrosis of muscle cells
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Amylase increase indicates?
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pancreatic acinar cell damage, acute pancreatitis
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lipage increase?
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Acute pancreatitis, pancreatic neoplasia, decreased renal activity/excreation
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