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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Continental drift |
One large continent Pangea 280 million years agoDue Due to tectonic activity Pangea split into Laurasia and Gondwana, 160 million years ago Australia broke off from Gondwana around 40 to 50 million years ago
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Pangea, Gondwana, Australia |
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Biological isolation |
Australia split from Gondwana 40-50 million years ago therefore it is isolated This isolation had an impact on the unique plants and animals as they had to adapt to the conditions Biological Isolation has caused a high number of endemic species to exist in Australia
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Geological stability |
Australia is located on a tectonic plate therefore there are no volcanoes No volcanoes means that no new soils have developed and Australia has poor soil quality. Species have had to adapt to the soil which has low nutrient value. Wind in water easily erode the landscape |
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Climatic variations |
Australia's landscapers endured ice ages, high sea levels, intense rainfall and hot dry periods. Soil nutrients have been removed due to erosion which limits the amount of species which can be supported Has temperatures rose in Australia tropical rainforest retreat into gullies and valleys El Nino: hot/ dry period caused by warm ocean currents La Nina: heavy/ intense rainfall caused by cool ocean currents |
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Megafauna |
Megafauna were slow moving animals which were adapted to the dry climate of Australia However they lacked predators and were not able to adapt to humans They're extinction may have been caused by humans through hunting and fire stick farming |
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The dreaming |
The Bunurong people believe they come from the earth which explained their strong relationship and connection with the land The dreaming is the story of how the Aboriginal people's spirit ancestors created the landscape, water and living things The Bunurong people believe they come from and return to the land |
The Bunurong people |
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The Bunurong tribes lifestyle |
Bunurong where semi-nomadic hunters and gatherers who moved around a large tract of land on a seasonal basis They hunted land animals including kangaroos and possums. Collecting eggs birds shellfish fish and plant species has a major food source They beloved that all things lived in unity and had a strong connection with the land |
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Bunurong people's perceptions |
The dreaming cause the Aboriginal people have strong links with the land and living things Nature provides everything needed for survival including food tools and clothing People have the responsibility to protect and care for the land |
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Bunurong people's interactions |
Hunter Gatherer lifestyle Semi-nomadic Fire Stick farming to clear the land and regenerate grasslands Sacred sites including burial sites and sites of worship Damned rivers to trap fish Resources went towards food, hunting, clothing, tools, shelter and transport |
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Bunurong people's impacts |
Because of the Bunurong people's nomadic lifestyle they had a minimal impact on the land They introduced the dingo Middens, rock art, scarred trees and stone carvings are all which remain The Bunurong people may have caused the extinction of the megafauna |
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Bunurong people after European colonisation |
While the Bunurong people's perceptions stayed the same their interactions changed The land was fence so the Bunurong people were unable to continue with their nomadic lifestyle and hunting and gathering Firestick farming was discouraged and traditional practices for also discouraged Communities were dispossessed from their land and they were forced to live in isolated pockets Violent confrontation also occurred |
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First non-indigenous Settlers perceptions |
Explorers viewed the landscape had fascinating and unique. They believed in terra nullius which means land belonging to no one. Feared the environment and viewed it has harsh hostile and alien |
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Introduced species for farming including sheep cattle and goats |
Hooved fauna soil compaction deep rooted grasses disappeared from over grazing and shallow rooted grasses appeared which sped up top soil erosion |
Early Settlers interactions and impacts |
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Introduced species for Recreational hunting |
The introduction of the fox and dog cause the predation of native species and therefore extinction The introduction of the rabbit which overgrazed and borrowed caused and increased top soil erosion |
Early settlers interactions and impacts |
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Introduced Flora |
Flora introduced to give Australia a more homely feel of Britain for the early settlers The introduction of a BlackBerry. Caused the choking of native grasses and plants and restricted the movement of fauna |
Early settlers interactions and impacts |
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Land clearing for crops grazing and timber |
Cause the loss of hollow bearing trees and therefore the loss of habitat for the native fauna Also increased erosion |
Early settlers interactions and impacts |
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Fences built to Mark boundaries |
Restricted movement of native fauna |
Early settlers interactions and impact |
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Environmental laws introduced to protect food supplies |
Resulted in the protection of the environment |
Early settlers interactions and impacts |
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European settlement at Cape paterson, Inverloch and Wonthaggi |
In the 1790s Aboriginals came in contact with the sealers From 1809 to 1833 the sealers raided coast killing man enslaving women and introducing diseases which had a devastating effect on the Bunurong people In 1835 the area was settled, the land cleared extensively for farming; cattle and wheat |
First non indigenous Settlers |
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Increasing population |
Were tied to the events following the discovery of gold across Victoria and the pressures placed on outdoor environments due to the dramatic increase in population The gold rush began in 1850 |
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Increasing population - perceptions |
Believed the environment was a resource Had a lack of understanding of the natural environment Land was an opportunity to get rich quick |
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Increasing population - Interactions |
Large scale mining, agriculture, resource extraction, sealing and whaling the expansion of cities, railways and roads Development of towns and the expansion of cities, railways and roads Cleared land Hunted Native fauna |
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Increasing population - Impacts |
Mining, sealing, whaling, logging - depletion of resources Land clearing - loss of habitat, wide spread erosion Increased pollution in waterways Introduced specie's - compete with Native fauna and flora Habitat fragmentation |
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Increasing population - Example Wonthaggi, Cape Patterson, Inverloch |
State Coal Mine - Resulted in the establishment and development if Wonthaggi - Start - 1909, End - 1968 - Produced 17 million tonnes of coal - perceptions, interactions, impacts see increasing population |
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Industrialization, 1880 - 1920 |
Refers to the need to develop the nation mainly through the use of Natural Resources and the development of industry |
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Industrialisation - perceptions |
Has a resource and an opportunity to make money |
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Industrialisation - interactions |
Rivers were dammed for irrigation and hydroelectricity Mining Agriculture and Forestry were major land uses and occurred on a large scale, the technology used also caused a greater impact National Parks were established |
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Industrialisation - example - state coal mine |
Perceptions - land viewed has a resource and an opportunity to make money Interactions - the land was cleared for a 'tent city', to establish the township brace tunnels and build the town. Impacts - land clearing caused the loss of hollow bearing trees - loss of habitat Increased erosion Depletion of fossil fuels Habitat fragmentation Increased farming to feed the increasing population |
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Nation Building - definition |
Periods after World War 1 and World War 2 Major infrastructure development Nation building is the process of constructing a national identity which can include the development of public holidays |
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Nation Building introduction |
Increased standards of living, more disposable income, desire to seek outdoor experiences, greatest understanding of the environment, understood need to preserve the environment, population growth and therefore urbanisation |
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Nation Building - perceptions |
- building a nation - control and dominate nature - opportunity to make money - recognition of the need to conserve the environment - recreation |
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Nation Building - example - national parks |
- Perception - the outdoor environment is to be enjoyed, recreation, conserve for future generations - Interaction - National Parks established Bunurong Marine Park in 1991 Bunurong Marine national park and 2002 - Impacts - Regeneration native flora conservation and protection of a to flora and fauna, limit the activities in therefore the impacts, protection and control of introduced species |
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The Wilderness Society - changing perceptions |
Greater access to outdoor environments and more time to experience recreational activities due to shorter working hours and disposable income |
Role of environmental movements in changing relationships with outdoor environments |
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The Wilderness Society - background and formation |
Tasmanian government wanted to generate hydroelectricity to provide cheap clean, unlimited power and provide jobs The project targeted rivers in Tasmania's South West The Lake Pedder action group formed in 1971 held protests, public meetings photography displays and petitions against the proposal Lake Pedder was flooded and the Tasmanian government proposed to flood the Franklin and Gordon Rivers The Tasmanian Wilderness Society was formed
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The Wilderness Society - strategies |
Multiple social protests Use of prominent people including politicians, Dick Smith and Lorraine Bailey Ensured media were present at all events Human blockade on the Franklin River |
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The Wilderness Society - how they changed perceptions |
The Wilderness Society change people's perceptions from the environment has a resource to the environment has a temple The people became more conservation conscious People's interactions became more conservation based in there for reduce impact |
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The Wilderness Society today |
The Wilderness Society aims to promote nature by developing connections with nature through adventure races, wilderness trips and campaigner talks |
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Contemporary views |
Resource - meeting people's needs Adverse - something to overcome, challenge or threat Gymnasium - a place to participate in physical activities Temple - place a beauty and somewhere to connect with nature Museum - a place of historic value |
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Conservation definition |
The positive interaction people in outdoor environments to work in a way that results in the protection and restoration of the environment |
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Conservation - example - Mitchell River National Park |
Perception - value the environment and see it has a temple or museum Interactions - creation of the National Park, management of pest species, limiting numbers, concentration of facilities Impacts - regeneration of native Flora due to the removal of weeds, the concentration of facilities concentrates the impacts of erosion and pollution |
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Recreation - definition |
The use of the environment for activity-based sports, for example bushwalking or skiing |
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Recreation perceptions |
Has a gymnasium or adversary Environment has a place for fun, stress relief and relaxation |
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Recreation interactions and impacts |
Mitchell River National Park - bushwalking - pollution, track braiding, erosion Mount Hotham - skiing Bunurong Marine Park - scuba diving |
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Primary Industry - definition |
The growing, harvesting and extraction of natural resources to make a profit |
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Primary Industry - example - Mitchell River National Park |
Perception - Environment seen as a resource to make money Interaction - Mitchell River area - beef and dairy farming Impact - declining of water quality from manure and pesticides, loss of topsoil from land clearing, degradation of soil nutrient values, soil compaction, erosion of River banks |
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Tourism |
For recreational, educational, commercial or aesthetic purposes |
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Tourism - example - Coonawarra Farm Resort |
Perception - undertake recreational activities - gymnasium, adversary, tourist operators - environment as a resource to make money Interaction - Recreational activities Impact - Land cleared - Increased erosion, and loss of habitat. Building of infrastructure - Use of resources. Horse riding tours - ground compaction, creation of tracks, erosion Canoeing - erosion of river bank |
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Technology - impact of technology on the outdoor experience Industrialisation |
1800s Industrial revolution - shift away from agricultural based subsistence farming to city focused mass production and employment Land clearing, farming, mining occurred at a large-scale Improved quality of life Impacts - erosion, salinity, deforestation desertification and global warming |
Factors influencing contemporary societal relationships with outdoor environments |
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Impact of Technology on the outdoor experience - recreation and outdoor activities |
More people can participate in activities in the outdoors Greater access Technology lead to greater environmental impact |
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Role of Technology in mediating relationships |
Most Australians experience relationships through technology and are separate from the environment Allows people to more easily experience the outdoors Technology separates people from the environment No longer see the environment has hostile Australians involved in conservation |
Industrialisation |
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City & Rural people |
City - the natural environment is separate and apart from their daily lives and technology is responsible for this Most people seeing the environment through the media and must actively seek outdoor experiences Rural - closer to the environment and is an integral part of their everyday lives, monitor weather etc |
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Impact of Technology on outdoor experiences |
Positive - greater access, improved safety equipment, improve training, less skills required Negative - view environment has separate and has a resource, reduced opportunities for remote experiences, participation more expensive and increased use of vehicles |
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Technology's Role in mediating relationships |
Distance from the environment, experience the environment through technology, rural people have more experience and connection to the environment, city people have to actively seek outdoor experiences |
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Commercialisation - definition |
Commercial - exploitation of a resource for profit Outdoor experience - spending time performing activities in the natural environment Relationships - what people do and with nature |
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Commercialisation - key concepts |
Increased standards of living, more disposable income, free time, etc has led to the commercialisation of outdoor activities Can now buy an outdoor experience Knowledge and experience is no longer required Eg. tours and packages, guided walks, info. centres, TV shows |
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Role of commercialisation of outdoor experiences |
Outdoor experiences viewed as commodities that can be bought and sold |
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Positive role of commercialisation |
Provides an opportunity to educate Minimal impact techniques Codes of conduct Education about environment, Native flora and fauna * with appropriate group sizes |
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Negative role of commercialisation |
Company's focused on profit can see nature purely as a resource Failure to follow minimal impact codes - greater environmental impact |
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Social responses to risk taking Perceived vs Real risk |
Perceived vs Real risk Perceived Risk - can be much greater than the real risk, for example, high ropes course or rock climbing Perceived Risk - can be less than real risk for example mountain bikes or surfing Perceived Risk - can be equal to the real risk, for example, rafting snowboarding or bushwalking |
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Society's responses to risk taking |
1. Media coverage 2. Public response 3. Investigation 4. Coroner's inquest 5. Criminal or civil proceedings 6. Industry self-regulation 7. Government regulation |
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Society's response |
Impact on people |
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Societies response |
Impact on nature |
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Societal responses |
Example |
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Climate change - discourses |
1. Human behaviour is causing a rise in greenhouse gas levels in these gases are altering the global climate 2. Climate change is a naturally occurring process |
Social and political discourse about climate change |
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Climate change discourses impact on relationships |
1. If people believe that humans are having influence on climate change then they are more likely to adopt more environmentally friendly practices such as using solar energy, having shorter showers, recycling materials, etc 2. If people do not believe that humans are influencing climate change that then they will not adopt sustainable practices |
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Water management definition |
The activity of planning, developing, distributing, and managing the optimum use of water resources to ensure supply and clean portable water will be available to people who need it. While balancing the needs of industry and the environment Main issues include how to ensure continued supply and how to fairly distribute. |
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Water management discourse Wonthaggi desalination |
The government wanted to ensure the supply of clean portable water into the future for Melbourne, independent of rainfall Several local groups such as 'your water your say' opposed the project. They held several public rallies in Melbourne and on site between 2007 and 2009. In 2009 a petition was signed opposing the scheme |
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Water management - discourses - impact on relationships - Wonthaggi desalination |
The issue of water management may influence society to better understand the importance of continued water supply and the need to use it sustainably. This could lead to a change in everyday practices to be more water wise, such as shorter showers, use of grey water on gardens etc OR people may choose to ignore the message/water restrictions and not change their practices |
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Biosecurity definition |
Protecting the economy environment and people's health from infectious disease pests and other biological threats. It includes trying to prevent new pests and diseases from arriving in Australia and helping to control outbreaks when they do occur. The main issues involve developing ways to protect Australia's borders from invasive species |
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Biosecurity discourses |
Market export of livestock: preventing diseases from coming in Border Security |
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Biosecurity impact on relationships |
The issue of by security may influence people to assist eradicating pest species, such as the Northern Pacific seastar Programs such a Border Security may increase people's awareness about by security, enabling them to make more informed choices when re entering the country. However people may choose to ignore these programs |
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Portrayals of outdoor environments and outdoor experiences in the media, music, art, writing and advertising |
Consider their influence on people's relationships |
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Sustainability - definition |
The capabilities of industries being maintained at a steady level without exhausting natural resources or causing severe ecological damage |
Understanding and critiques of sustainability and sustainable development |
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Ecological sustainable development - definitions |
- Development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs - brundtland commission - Using, conserving and enhancing communities resources so that ecological processes on which life depends are maintained and the total quality of life now and in the future can be increased - Australian national strategy for ecologically sustainable development |
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Examples of sustainable development at the Mitchell River |
Tracks built to concentrate impact in one area Signage to show directions highlight sensitive areas or to explain minimal impact strategies Fence off sensitive areas Booking system for Mitchell River area that red streaks the number of people who can access the area at one time Built composting toilets to minimise pollution caused by human waste Development of bushwalking code of conduct for sustainable use of outdoor environment |
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Critiques of sustainable development
It contradicts itself |
These terms and not useful concept has they can be considered as oxymorons. After all the only way for development to be sustainable is to not develop at all. The most pristine and healthy environments are those that have not been developed. The term development seems to simply imply that we can keep going has we have for the past 100 years, depleting resources on a large scale and polluting heavily. |
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Critiques of sustainable development the vagueness of the term |
Sustainable development is a useful concept although criticism has highlighted the fact that people do not understand the term. It has started to encourage some businesses to focus on ensuring that resources are available for future generations in that they have developed different practices in ensuring that they are reducing their damage on the environment. This has to be a good thing. |
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Critiques of sustainable development sustainable development is too expensive |
There is no doubt did the idea of sustainable development is too expensive and therefore it is not being practiced by large number of people in society. sustainable development includes the use of materials such as insulation in homes solar panels grey water tanks recycled building materials and double glazed windows. All these items come at a premium cost which can deter people from using them, minimising the success of sustainable development has a concept. The government did implement rebates to encourage people to use these options but please have since being withdrawn |
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Water quality |
-Water quality is influenced by environmental events land use and human activity within catchment systems -It is determined by how clear or clean it is, if people are able to drink, the presence of native organisms or turbidity -Local example - Mitchell River: clean running water, were able to drink it, limited human impacts upper mid catchment area due to the National Park, although there is a lot of farming in the lower catchment resulting in fertilizer runoff and faecal contamination from livestock |
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Soil quality |
Soil quality can be measured through: -Healthy soil: the presence of luscious Flora and growth, mature trees successfully surviving, ground cover and grasses, worms in soil and healthy vegetation -Unhealthy soil: tolerant plants indicating high salinity, land degradation, poor drainage, loss of vegetation and dry topsoil |
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Soil quality example Mitchell River National Park |
Although along the tracks there was visible erosion and compaction of the soil, this was isolated to the track itself. Were able to observe varied flora including mature Eucalyptus and understory of shrubs and grasses |
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Air quality definition |
Refers to the condition of a relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species or to any human need or purpose Can be determined through smell and taste of the air and visibility |
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Air quality example Mitchell River National Park |
Visibility was clear There was no smog Air was fresh and breathable We were able to see the stars at night time Not able to see or smell pollutants in the air |
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Levels of biodiversity |
Genetic diversity: the variety of genes that occur within a particular species and between different species Species diversity: the variety of a species present in the ecosystem Ecosystem diversity: the amount of different ecosystems on the air, for example, deserts, alpine areas or rainforests |
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Biodiversity example Mitchell River National Park |
Genetic diversity: larger population = larger increases tolerance to adverse events such as disease. Ecosystem: the park contains 5 major vegetation communities including dry rainforest wait temperate rainforest open Forest close grab and open pasture Species: the park contains diverse range of fauna including 20 significant species and 25 species of mammals, 178 bird species and 10 reptile species |
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Importance of healthy outdoor environments for individuals |
Recreation: opportunity for fun, fitness and a challenge, healthier lifestyle by benefiting a person's level of fitness Relaxation: beneficial for an individual's overall well-being Inspiration: can provide stimulus for art music photography and writing Education: structured school visits or informal visits |
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Importance of healthy outdoor environments for Society |
Important for Society for intrinsic value maintenance of environmental stability biodiversity economic value through jobs tourism and agriculture possible food sources and scientific research |
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importance of outdoor environments for society scientific research |
Provides a site for us to monitor changes in our environments for example climate change salinity species loss etc Greater understanding of natural medicines and new foods Discovery of New medicines vaccines or cures is that may save the lives of individuals Important for human health |
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Importance of outdoor environments for society economic value |
Tourism which creates jobs and stimulates the economy 8 billion dollers is it from ecotourism in Victoria Natural environments also provide the basis for fuel medicines paper building materials and food |
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Importance of healthy outdoor environments for society biodiversity |
Ensures that a diverse range of species in ecosystems are available to meet the needs of society. Food - large and varied food source. Health - medicines. Recreation, inspiration, escape Biodiversity is reliant on healthy outdoor environments and supports the regulation of atmosphere, maintenance of soil fertility, food production, regulation of water flows, water filtration, pest control and waste disposal |
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Importance of healthy outdoor environments for society intrinsic value |
Outdoor environments are unique and have existed for millions of years without human interactions They exist for their own accord and are important for Society for these intrinsic values Intrinsic values recognise that it is important for outdoor environments to exist for future generations and for the benefit of the flora and fauna Rather than viewing them in terms of a resource |
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Land degradation |
Causes: excessive or inappropriate exploitation resulting erosion salinity and soil pollution for example cropping grazing or land clearing |
Potential impacts on society and outdoor environments of land degradation introduced species climate change urbanisation other significant threats |
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Salinity Impacts |
Is caused by land clearing. When vegetation is cleared the water table rises bringing salt into the soil with the water. Impacts on the environment: non salt tolerant plants and organisms die off. This in turn means local fauna then need to migrate or they will die as well due to lack of food. Impact on society: salinity decreases land productivity in agricultural areas resulting in lost income jobs export etc. Loss of locations for aesthetic appreciation, loss of tourism if there are great changes to the landscape |
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Soil pollution |
Soil pollution results from agricultural practices for use of herbicides fertilisers and industrial run off Impact on environment: loss of biodiversity and native species contamination of water courses Impact on society: loss of productivity in terms of agriculture loss of locations for aesthetic appreciation, possible loss of tourism if there are great changes to landscape |
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Erosion |
Erosion is a natural process human activities such as farming and land clearing accelerate this Impact on the environment: erosion causes loss of top soil and reduces nutrients in the soil this in turn affects native flora and fauna, topsoil also runs off into water courses resulting in increased turbidity Impact on society: erosion can reduce productivity for farmers resulting in loss of income |
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Introduced species |
Species were introduced to tackle environmental issues for recreational purposes or were unwillingly transferred from other areas. Impact on environment: foxes and feral cats can decimate prey populations and may have caused the extinction of some native species. Introduced herbivores for example rabbits can cause extensive damage to native vegetation and soils and compete with native herbivores. Blackberries in Willows choke native plant species. Impact on society: aesthetic of natural landscapes is affected by weeds and the cost of pest species in Victoria is 900 million per year |
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Climate change |
Caused by the use of fossil fuel and clearing native vegetation Impact on environment: temperature changes impact on many species has they cannot adapt to temperature changes, therefore vegetation changes and therefore fauna becomes threatened. Rising sea levels. Temperatures are increasing whilst rainfall is decreasing resulting in changes to ecosystems and migration of species. Impact on society: loss of aesthetics, loss of biodiversity, and potential food sources, fewer places for inspiration, loss of money/ jobs from decrease in tourism, death
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Urbanisation |
Urbanisation with the building and expansion of towns and cities. Environmental impacts: loss of hollow bearing trees which results in the loss of habitat due to land clearing and excavation, erosion in cleared areas, increased water runoff, introduced Flora from Gardens, introduced fauna such as cats and dogs increase predation on native species, pollution of waterways from stormwater runoff |
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Conflicts of interest between people involved in uses of outdoor environments Franklin River campaign |
Franklin River campaign Interest Group 1: Against The Tasmanian Wilderness Society were strongly opposed to this and used the experience gained from the Lake Pedder campaign to their advantage. Reasons for opposition included the preservation of cultural and Natural History, preservation and protection of environment for future generations. Interest group 2: for Tasmanian government: to provide cheaper electricity sources for Tasmania and the creation of jobs |
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Conflicts of interest between people involved in the uses of outdoor environments Wonthaggi desalination plant |
Interest group 1: for The Victorian Government wanted to build a desalination plant to supply one third of Melbourne's water along with Geelong and other small towns. Water supply independent of rainfall, following two major droughts. Interest group 2: against Your water your saying which later became Watershed Victoria. Reasons for opposition: aesthetics, environmental degradation, CO2 emissions, generation of solid waste pumped back into the ocean, sucking and kill small organisms, cost will be passed on through increased water rates |
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Franklin River campaign Direct action |
Direct action included: Multiple social protests were held in the streets with 15000 people attending the protest in Melbourne, human blockade on the river, media will present to report this, the blockade was the biggest news story. Advantages: gains interest from wider community, possibly published in media, gain further support. If there is a large amount of support it can persuade decision makers. Disadvantages: preparation, organisation, time-consuming, costly, negative perception by community members especially if they are inconvenienced |
The methods used by individuals and groups to influence decisions about the use of outdoor environments |
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Franklin River campaign Use of prominent people |
Examples: Gained support of prominent Australians including politicians and Dick Smith, federal government ministers to raft down the river which enables them to develop an emotional connection with the environment Advantages: increase credibility for a group, media attention more likely to be given. Disadvantages: person may have little understanding of the issue |
Methods used by individuals and groups to influence decisions about the use of outdoor environments |
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Franklin River campaign Use of the media |
Each time they had an event such as the protests or human blockade, they ensured that the media were there to cover the event. Advantages: opportunity to get a clear message and information to a large number of people, stunts provide strong image Disadvantages: expensive, stunts made generate negative public Image |
The methods used by individuals and groups to influence decisions about the use of outdoor environments |
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Desalination plant Wonthaggi Direct action and use of media |
Direct action: Watershed Victoria: organised protests on the proposed site of the desalination plant and in the CBD outside of Parliament House Use of media: advertising campaign, 'our water, our future' water plan, marketing material print, digital and television |
Methods used by individuals and groups influence decisions about the use about the environments |
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Use of courts Used when exist related to conflict, but there is a need for interpretation |
Advantages: definite decision made, Disadvantages: expensive, takes long time, creates a win lose situation. Desalination plant: Watershed group and the Australian Greens attempting legal action against the Wonthaggi desalination plant arguing that it will affect certain animal species. Franklin River campaign: Tasmanian government ignored both the federal regulations and legislation which stated that works should not continue on the dam. The federal government took the Tasmanian government to the High Court which ruled in favour of the federal government. |
Decision making processes followed by land managers and or governments relating to conflicting interests over the use of outdoor environments |
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Legislation Can be enacted by any level of government |
Advantages: decision made clear and fast Disadvantages: win lose situation, government based laws can change with a change of government. Franklin River campaign Tasmanian government passed legislation that reason the world heritage listing area so that they could commence work on the dam |
The decision-making processes followed by land managers and or governments or their agencies relating to conflicting interest over the use of outdoor environments |
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Environmental effects statement Study the possible effects of the conflict on the outdoor environment |
Advantages: can be used to make an informed decision on the conflict, independent body produces statement Disadvantages: take time and money to gather information. Wonthaggi desalination plant: environmental effects statement commission by Victorian Government results released to community during the conflict, claims made by environmental groups that studies will not independent. |
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Role of the Victorian environment assessment Council |
Conduct investigations that are requested by the Victorian Government relating to the protection and ecological sustainable development of the environment and natural resources of public land. They then make recommendations based on their investigations. |
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Victorian environment assessment council current investigation - historic places on public land |
Victorian Government has commissioned an investigation into historic places on public land across Victoria. Purpose - to review current information and information sources on historic places on public land including the representation of historical themes - to examine and provide an assessment of the current information management and arrangements for historic places in Victoria - make recommendations for opportunities to improve management arrangements to conserve, protect and enhance the Historic places |
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