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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What phases of flight does a local controller control? |
Departing and Landing Landing |
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How should a local controller choose the runway(s) in use? |
Whatever is most operationally advantageous. For wind greater than or equal to 5 knots, that is the runway(s) best aligned with a headwind....or whatever the SOP says Whatever is most operationally advantageous. For wind greater than or equal to 5 knots, that is the runway(s) best aligned with a headwind....or whatever the SOP says Whatever is most operationally advantageous. For wind greater than or equal to 5 knots, that is the runway(s) best aligned with a headwind....or whatever the SOP says |
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Who must LC coordinate with to change the runways in use? |
Approach and Ground |
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What is the terminology if an aircraft insists on using a closed runway? |
RUNWAY ## CLOSED/UNSAFE [if applicable, quote NOTAM] UNABLE TO ISSUE DEPARTURE/LANDING/TOUCH-AND-GO CLEARANCE. DEPARTURE/LANDING/TOUCH-AND-GO WILL BE AT YOUR OWN RISK. |
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What is the terminology for coordination of use of an active runway by a taxiing aircraft? |
GC: CROSS (##) AT (point/intersection)? |
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METAR wind direction is magnetic or true? |
True |
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What is the crosswind component of wind? |
The component of wind that is perpendicular to the takeoff (runway) heading. Numerically equal to total wind times the sine of the angle difference between wind and runway heading |
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What is the headwind/tailwind component of wind? |
The component of wind that is parallel to the takeoff (runway) heading. Numerically equal to total wind times the cosine of the angle difference between wind and runway heading |
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Which weather reports describe wind in true headings? |
METAR, TAF, surface analysis charts, FSS reports |
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Which weather reports describe wind in magnetic headings? |
ATIS, ASOS, AWOS |
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What are the four main local control surface operations? |
Takeoff clearance, landing clearance, line up and wait (LUAW), and runway entry/exit instructions |
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What is the terminology for cancelling a takeoff clearance? |
"Cancel takeoff clearance [additional instructions if necessary]" |
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What is the terminology for canceling a landing clearance? |
"Cancel landing clearance, [reason], continue approach[, expect landing clearance in # miles/minutes]" |
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What is the terminology for telling an aircraft to execute a missed approach? |
"Go around [reason if time]" (this also cancels a landing clearance) |
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If an aircraft is in position on the runway, what is the minimum distance away a landing aircraft can be in order for a takeoff clearance issuance to be allowed? |
1 mile, although perceived skill of pilots involved may make it prudent to increase that distance |
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If an aircraft is holding short the runway, what is the minimum distance away a landing aircraft can be in order for a takeoff clearance issuance to be allowed? |
3 miles, although perceived skill of pilots involved may make it prudent to increase that distance |
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What is the terminology for Line Up and Wait? |
"Runway ## [at intersection X], line up and wait[, traffic is a , # mile final][, traffic holding in position/departing on (intersecting) runway ##]" |
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Line Up and Wait cannot be issued if you have already issued what other kind of clearance to another aircraft? |
A landing clearance |
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A landing clearance cannot be issued if what other kind of instruction has been given? |
A line up and wait clearance for the same runway |
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For same runway separation, what are the three aircraft categories? |
Category I: single-engine props weighing 12,500 lbs or less, as well as all helicopters Category II: two-engine props weighing 12,500 lbs or less Category III: all other aircraft |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has landed but not vacated the runway, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? |
3000 ft, but only between sunrise and sunset |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has landed but not vacated the runway, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category I Aircraft in front: Category II |
3000 ft, but only between sunrise and sunset |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has landed but not vacated the runway, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category I Aircraft in front: Category III |
Trick question, if a Category III aircraft is involved, there may only be one aircraft on the runway |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has landed but not vacated the runway, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category II Aircraft in front: Category I |
4500 ft, but only between sunrise and sunset |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has landed but not vacated the runway, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category II Aircraft in front: Category II |
4500 ft, but only between sunrise and sunset |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has landed but not vacated the runway, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category II Aircraft in front: Category III |
Trick question, if a Category III aircraft is involved, there may only be one aircraft on the runway |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has landed but not vacated the runway, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category III Aircraft in front: Category I |
Trick question, if a Category III aircraft is involved, there may only be one aircraft on the runway |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has landed but not vacated the runway, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category III Aircraft in front: Category II |
Trick question, if a Category III aircraft is involved, there may only be one aircraft on the runway |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has landed but not vacated the runway, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category III Aircraft in front: Category III |
Trick question, if a Category III aircraft is involved, there may only be one aircraft on the runway |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category I Aircraft in front: Category I |
3000 ft |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category I Aircraft in front: Category II |
3000 ft |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category I Aircraft in front: Category III |
6000 ft |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category II Aircraft in front: Category I |
4500 ft |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category II Aircraft in front: Category II |
4500 ft |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category II Aircraft in front: Category III |
6000 ft |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category III Aircraft in front: Category I |
6000 ft |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category III Aircraft in front: Category II |
6000 ft |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to land? Trailing aircraft: Category III Aircraft in front: Category III |
6000 ft |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category I Aircraft in front: Category I |
Daytime: 3000 ft Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category I Aircraft in front: Category II |
Daytime: 3000 ft Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category I Aircraft in front: Category III (not heavy or 757) |
Daytime: 6000 ft Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category I Aircraft in front: Category III (heavy or 757) |
Daytime: 6000 ft and 2 minutes Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category II Aircraft in front: Category I |
Daytime: 4500 ft Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category II Aircraft in front: Category II |
Daytime: 4500 ft Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category II Aircraft in front: Category III (not heavy or 757) |
Daytime: 6000 ft Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category II Aircraft in front: Category III (heavy or 757) |
Daytime: 6000 ft and 2 minutes Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category III Aircraft in front: Category I |
Daytime: 6000 ft Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category III Aircraft in front: Category II |
Daytime: 6000 ft Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category III Aircraft in front: Category III (not heavy or 757) |
Daytime: 6000 ft Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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Same runway separation, aircraft in front has taken off but not crossed the runway end, what is the minimum separation of the trailing aircraft to be cleared to take off? Trailing aircraft: Category III Aircraft in front: Category III (heavy or 757) |
Daytime: 6000 ft and 2 minutes Nighttime: aircraft must cross the runway end |
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At what point is an aircraft clear of the runway? |
When the entire airplane is past the hold short bars |
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What restriction is place on Line Up and Wait between sunset and sunrise? |
Intersection Line Up and Wait clearances are only allowed between sunrise and sunset. |
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What is "anticipating separation" and what does it allow? |
Anticipating separation is when a prescribed separation does not yet exist for an aircraft awaiting takeoff clearance, but the controller can determine that it will exist by the time the aircraft starts takeoff roll. It allows tighter (but still legal) separation between aircraft. |
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What are the requirements for simultaneous same-direction operations? |
1. VFR conditions or visual separation applied 2. Two-way radio communication maintained with all pertinent aircraft 3. There is a certain distance between runways (700 ft if either aircraft is a heavy, 500 ft is either aircraft is a Category III, 300 ft otherwise) |
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What are the requirements for simultaneous opposite-direction operations? |
1. VFR conditions 2. Two-way radio communication maintained with all pertinent aircraft 3. There is a certain distance between runways (1400 ft between sunrise and sunset, 2800 ft otherwise) |
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What terminology is used for opposite-direction operations? |
"Traffic [description] arriving/departing/low approach, opposite direction on parallel runway" |
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[Same Runway Separation] What criteria must be met in order to clear an airplane for takeoff? |
1. The preceding aircraft has either crossed the runway end or turned to avert conflict 2. A preceding landing aircraft is clear of the runway or minimum distance criteria is met |
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At what point in the approach must a go-around be issued if there is still a plane on the runway? |
A go-around must be initiated before reaching the landing threshold, so the go-around must be issued, at the latest, shortly before then. However, if the aircraft in front is the SRS-defined distance away from the threshold and it is between sunrise and sunset, two arrivals can be on the same runway at the same time. |
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What category of aircraft have no distance requirement with regards to same runway separation? |
helicopters, so long as visual separation is applied |
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For wake turbulence considerations, what are the four categories of aircraft? |
Super, Heavy, Large, and Small |
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Which wake turbulence category aircraft should not be asked to use a rolling takeoff? |
Supers and Heavies. Avoid the use of "without delay". |
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For wake turbulence purposes, how far away must a parallel runway be in order to not be considered the "same" runway? |
2500 ft or greater, unless flight paths will cross, in which case any parallel runway, regardless of distance |
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How long must each wake turbulence category of aircraft wait to take off or land after a Super takes off or lands on the same runway? If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima may be used to determine which the following aircraft may take off? |
3 minutes (all categories except Super), alternatively... 8 miles (Small) |
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How long must each wake turbulence category of aircraft wait to take off or land after a Heavy takes off or lands on the same runway? If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima may be used to determine which the following aircraft may take off? |
2 minutes (all categories except Super), alternatively... 4 miles (Heavy) 5 miles (Large or Small) |
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How long must each wake turbulence category of aircraft wait to take off or land after a 757 takes off or lands on the same runway? If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima may be used to determine which the following aircraft may take off?How is "same" runway defined in this case? |
2 minutes (Small aircraft only), alternatively... 4 miles (Small aircraft only) The same runway is any parallel runway within 700 ft OR any parallel runway if projected flight paths will cross |
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How long must a Small aircraft wait to take off after an opposite-direction landing or missed approach by a Large or Super? |
3 minutes, unless the pilot initiates a request to deviate |
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What is the terminology when holding an aircraft for wake turbulence? |
"Hold for wake turbulence" |
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How long must each wake turbulence category of aircraft wait to take off at an intersection after a Large (except 757) aircraft takes off from the same runway? |
3 minutes |
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How long must a Small aircraft weighing 12500 pounds or less wait to take off at an intersection after anotherSmall aircraft weighing 12500 pounds or less has taken off on the same runway? |
3 minutes, and this is only for the same runway, not any parallel runways |
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How long must a Small aircraft wait to take off at an intersection after a Large (except 757) aircraft has taken off? |
3 minutes, and this is only for the same runway, not any parallel runways |
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How long must a Small aircraft wait to take off at an intersection after a 757 aircraft has taken off? |
3 minutes, and this is only for the same runway and any parallel runway within 700 ft OR any parallel runway if projected flight paths will cross |
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How long must each wake turbulence category of aircraft wait to take off from an intersection after a Super takes off or lands on the same runway? |
4 minutes (all categories except Super), and this is only for the same runway and any parallel runway within 2500 ft OR any parallel runway if projected flight paths will cross |
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How long must each wake turbulence category of aircraft wait to take off from an intersection after a Heavy takes off or lands on the same runway? |
3 minutes (all categories except Super), and this is only for the same runway and any parallel runway within 2500 ft OR any parallel runway if projected flight paths will cross |
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For wake turbulence, is a touch-and-go considered a full-length takeoff or intersection takeoff? |
intersection takeoff |
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In the case of intersecting runway/intersecting flight path operations, what must the controller do? |
1. Issue traffic information to each aircraft operating on intersecting runways 2. Separate aircraft by ensuring the lead aircraft will not conflict with the takeoff roll and flight path of the other departing aircraft 3. Separate non-Super departing aircraft behind a lead Super by 3 minutes, non-Super departing aircraft behind a lead Heavy by 2 minutes, and Small aircraft behind a lead 757 by 2 minutes |
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In the case of nonintersecting converging flight path operations, what must the controller do? |
1. Issue traffic information to each aircraft operating on converging runways 2. Separate aircraft by ensuring the lead aircraft will not conflict with the projected flight path of the other departing aircraft 3. Separate non-Super departing aircraft behind a lead Super by 3 minutes, non-Super departing aircraft behind a lead Heavy by 2 minutes, and Small aircraft behind a lead 757 by 2 minutes |
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In terminal airspace, what is the minimum lateral separation between two IFR aircraft within 40 nm of a radar antenna? |
3 nautical miles |
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In terminal airspace, what is the minimum lateral separation between a VFR aircraft and any other aircraft greater than 19,000 pounds? |
1.5 nautical miles |
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In terminal airspace, what is the minimum vertical separation between two IFR aircraft? |
1000 ft |
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In terminal airspace, what is the minimum vertical separation between an IFR and a VFR aircraft? |
500 ft |
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What is the minimum vertical separation between a Heavy or Super above any aircraft? |
1000 ft |
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Define a [RECAT] CAT A aircraft, including examples |
phraseology: Super* MTOW >= 300000 pounds Wingspan > 245 ft |
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Define a [RECAT] CAT B aircraft, including examples |
phraseology: Heavy* MTOW >= 300000 pounds Wingspan > 175 ft but < 245 ft Examples: B747; B777; A330; A340; C5* * key information |
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Define a [RECAT] CAT C aircraft, including examples |
phraseology: Heavy* MTOW >= 300000 pounds Wingspan > 125 ft but < 175 ft Examples: MD11; B767; A300; C17* * key information |
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Define a [RECAT] CAT D aircraft, including examples |
phraseology: none, considered Large* MTOW > 41000 pounds but < 300000 pounds Wingspan > 90 ft but < 175 ft Examples: B717; B727; B737; B757; A319/20/21; MD80; DC9; C130* * key information |
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Define a [RECAT] CAT E aircraft, including examples |
phraseology: none, considered Large* MTOW > 41000 pounds Wingspan > 65 ft but < 90 ft Examples: ERJ; CRJ; AT72* * key information |
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Define a [RECAT] CAT F aircraft, including examples |
phraseology: none, considered Small* MTOW < 41000 pounds Wingspan <= 125 ft Examples: C650; C525; G280* * key information |
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When issuing traffic information, are "Super" and "Heavy" terms used before or after the make and model? |
before |
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How long must each RECAT category of aircraft wait to take off after a Class A aircraft takes off or lands on the same runway? If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used to determine which the following aircraft may take off? |
Class A: no RECAT separation Class B: 5 nm or 3 minutes Class C: 6 nm or 3 minutes Class D: 7 nm or 3 minutes Class E: 7 nm or 3 minutes Class F: 8 nm or 3 minutes |
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How long must each RECAT category of aircraft wait to take off after a Class B aircraft takes off or lands on the same runway? If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used to determine which the following aircraft may take off? |
Class A: no RECAT separation Class B: 3 nm or 2 minutes Class C: 4 nm or 2 minutes Class D: 5 nm or 2 minutes Class E: 5 nm or 2 minutes Class F: 5 nm or 3 minutes |
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How long must each RECAT category of aircraft wait to take off after a Class C aircraft takes off or lands on the same runway? If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used to determine which the following aircraft may take off? |
Class A: no RECAT separation Class B: no RECAT separation Class C: no RECAT separation Class D: 3.5 nm or 2 minutes Class E: 3.5 nm or 2 minutes Class F: 5 nm or 3 minutes |
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How long must each RECAT category of aircraft wait to take off after a Class D aircraft takes off or lands on the same runway? If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used to determine which the following aircraft may take off? |
Class A: no RECAT separation Class B: no RECAT separation Class C: no RECAT separation Class D: no RECAT separation Class E: no RECAT separation Class F: 4 nm or 2 minutes |
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How long must each RECAT category of aircraft wait to take off after a Class E aircraft takes off or lands on the same runway? If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used to determine which the following aircraft may take off? |
No RECAT separation for any aircraft |
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How long must each RECAT category of aircraft wait to take off after a Class F aircraft takes off or lands on the same runway? If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used to determine which the following aircraft may take off? |
No RECAT separation for any aircraft |
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For RECAT, how is the "same" runway defined? |
any parallel runway within 2500 ft |
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After which RECAT category departing aircraft is a Category F aircraft not allowed to line up and wait after? |
Categories A, B, and C |
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How long must a Category F aircraft wait to take off after a Class E aircraft takes off or lands on the same runway in the opposite direction? |
3 minutes, although the pilot may initiate a request that this be waived |
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How much time is added to RECAT times if the first of two operations was an opposite-direction takeoff or landing? |
1 minute |
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How long must a Category F aircraft wait to take off from an intersection after a Class E aircraft takes off or lands on the same runway? |
3 minutes |
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How much time is added to RECAT times if the second of two operations is an intersection takeoff? |
1 minute |
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How long must a Category F aircraft weighing 12500 pounds or less wait to take off from an intersection after a Class F aircraft weighing more than 12500 pounds takes off or lands on the same runway? |
3 minutes |
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In which scenarios can a pilot not request a deviation from RECAT wait times? |
When the first aircraft is Category A or B, or when the second aircraft is Category D, E, or F and the first aircraft is Category C, or when the second aircraft is Category F and the first aircraft is Category D |
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If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used for each RECAT category of aircraft trailing a Class A aircraft when between 1000 ft below and the same altitude? |
Class A: no radar separation for wake turbulence Class B: 5 nm separation for wake turbulence Class C: 6 nm separation for wake turbulence Class D: 7 nm separationfor wake turbulence Class E: 7 nm separationfor wake turbulence Class F: 8 nm separationfor wake turbulence |
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If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used for each RECAT category of aircraft trailing a Class B aircraft when between 1000 ft below and the same altitude? |
Class A: no radar separationfor wake turbulence Class B: 3 nm separationfor wake turbulence Class C: 4 nm separationfor wake turbulence Class D: 5 nm separationfor wake turbulence Class E: 5 nm separationfor wake turbulence Class F: 5 nm separationfor wake turbulence |
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If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used for each RECAT category of aircraft trailing a Class C aircraft when between 1000 ft below and the same altitude? |
Class A: no radar separationfor wake turbulence Class B: no radar separationfor wake turbulence Class C: no radar separationfor wake turbulence Class D: 3.5 nm separationfor wake turbulence Class E: 3.5 nm separationfor wake turbulence Class F: 5 nm separationfor wake turbulence |
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If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used for each RECAT category of aircraft trailing a Class D aircraft when between 1000 ft below and the same altitude? |
Class A: no radar separationfor wake turbulence Class B: no radar separationfor wake turbulence Class C: no radar separationfor wake turbulence Class D: no radar separation for wake turbulence Class E: no radar separation for wake turbulence Class F: 5 nm separationfor wake turbulence |
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If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used for each RECAT category of aircraft trailing a Class E aircraft when between 1000 ft below and the same altitude? |
no radar separation for wake turbulence for any aircraft |
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If the airport has a certified radar display, what radar minima should be used for each RECAT category of aircraft trailing a Class F aircraft when between 1000 ft below and the same altitude? |
no radar separation for wake turbulence for any aircraft |
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For which RECAT category situations is a visual approach prohibited? |
When the aircraft ahead on approach is a Category A aircraft |
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For which RECAT category situations is a visual approach allowed but the trailing aircraft told about the traffic? What is the terminology? |
When the aircraft ahead is Category B or C, OR when the trailing aircraft is Category E or F and the aircraft ahead is a higher category (e.g. Category D) |
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When operating approaches to parallel runways less than 2500 ft apart, what must a controller do? |
1. Ensure pilot-applied visual separation by the trailing aircraft 2. Do not permit a Category A, B, or C aircraft to overtake another aircraft; do not permit a Category D or E aircraft to overtake a Category F aircraft |
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For a takeoff where the airport configuration does not allow for an aircraft to completely cross one runway and hold short of the departure runway and/or where airports do not have runway hold markings between runways, what is the terminology? |
"Cross Runway ##, Runway ##, cleared for takeoff" |
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When MUST the wind be stated before the takeoff clearance? |
When there is a tailwind component or when a military aircraft is taking off |
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What is the terminology if an aircraft is not squawking correctly? |
"Verify squawking #### and normal" |
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In a non-radar environment, how many degrees much departure courses diverge? |
45 degrees |
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In a non-radar environment with courses diverging right after takeoff, what is the minutes-in-trail spacing? |
1 minute |
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In a non-radar environment with courses diverging within 5 minutes, what is the minutes-in-trail spacing? |
2 minutes |
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In a non-radar environment with courses diverging within 13 nautical miles, what is the miles-in-trail spacing? |
3 nautical miles |
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In a non-radar environment with courses diverging from non-intersecting separate runways, how much must the runway headings diverge? |
30+ degrees if the takeoff points are within 2000 ft 15+ degrees if the takeoff points are within 3500 ft 0+ degrees if the takeoff points are at least 3500 ft apart |
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In a non-radar environment with courses diverging from intersecting separate runways, how much must the runway headings diverge? |
30+ degrees if the first aircraft is still on runway heading 15+ degrees if the first aircraft has commenced a turn |
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What are the three missed approach options for a controller? |
1. Fly published missed approach 2. Assign a heading and altitude 3. Tell aircraft to enter traffic pattern |
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What is the terminology for giving a landing clearance? |
"[options/supplemental information], cleared to land, [traffic information]" |
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What is the terminology for giving a landing clearance with an aircraft LUAW on the same runway? |
Do not issue a landing clearance: "continue approach, traffic holding in position: |
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If the landing aircraft is not visible from the cab (and there is no radar), what is the landing clearance terminology/ |
"[options/supplemental information], not in sight, runway XX, cleared to land, [traffic information]" |
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What is the runway exit (landing) terminology? |
"[if able], turn left/right [taxiway][, hold short of runway XX]" |
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Which location is preferred for takeoff locations of rotorcraft? Nonmovement area, movement area, or runway? |
movement area, in diverse directions from active runways |
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What is the terminology for rotorcraft departures? |
[Present position, taxiway, helipad, numbers] PROCEED (direction, points of compass, heading, NAVAID radial) DEPARTURE/DEPARTURE ROUTE (number, name, or code), AVOID (aircraft), REMAIN (direction) OF (active runways, parking areas, passenger terminals, etc.). CAUTION (power lines, unlighted obstructions, trees, wake turbulence, etc.). CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF. |
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What is the terminology for a nonmovement area rotorcraft departure? |
DEPARTURE FROM (requested location) WILL BE AT YOUR OWN RISK (additional instructions, as necessary). USE CAUTION (if applicable). |
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What is the tailwind limit for rotorcraft departures and landings? |
5 knots |
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What is the minimum distance between simultaneous rotorcraft arrivals/departures? |
200 ft |
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What are the components of a rotorcraft landing clearance (movement area or runway)? |
1. approach a location from a certain direction or coded route 2. remain [distance] from [hazards] 3. cautions 4. cleared to land 5. post-landing instructions |
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What are the components of a rotorcraft landing clearance (nonmovement area)? |
1. "landing at [location] will be at your own risk" 2. cautions |
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If a military aircraft is authorized to LUAW, what additional information must they be told? |
location and type of closest approach traffic (on the same runway) within 6 miles |
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Which branch does not allow LUAW on intersecting runways? |
US Navy |
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What must US Navy and Air Force be told after given instructions while lined up and waiting? |
"Continue holding" or "taxi off the runway" |
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When clearing a military aircraft for takeoff or landing, what additional information must they be told? |
wind direction and velocity (and runway for landing only) |
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If a US Air Force aircraft is cleared to takeoff, what additional information must they be told? |
location and type of closest approach traffic (on the same runway) within 6 miles (also ensure approaching aircraft is aware |
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What must all non-cargo and non-transport US military aircraft be told immediately after confirming takeoff clearance? |
"change to departure" (they are not allowed to change frequency before 2500 ft AGL) |
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When US Army or US Navy are on downwind, what should they be told? |
"perform landing check" |
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When US military is late in the pattern, what should they be told? |
"check wheels down" (unless the pilot has already reported wheels down |
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When US Military requests and overhead maneuver, what is the response? |
"pattern altitude xxxx, left/right turns, report initial" OR "pattern altitude xxxx, left/right turns, break at [point] report break" |
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For a US Military flameout situation, what are report points ATC can request, including the requesting terminology? |
"report high/low key" OR "report [distance] mile simulated flameout final |
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What is the terminology for requesting a release? |
"departure/center, local, request release, [callsign], runway xx" |
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What is a hold for release? |
When the overlying radar controller is not allowing a release because one IFR aircraft is already in/near the non-radar area near the airport. |
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What is a rolling call? What is the terminology? |
a notification from local to departure that a released aircraft is on takeoff roll |
