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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the arteries? |
They transport blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. |
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What term is used to describe the tendency of things to maintain their status quo |
Inertia |
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This layer of a blood vessel is thicker and is made up of smooth muscle and connective elastic type tissue. |
Tunica Media |
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What are Vasa Vasorum |
tiny vessels that carry blood to the walls of the larger arteries |
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When is a stenosis in an artery generally considered hemodynamically significant? |
Diameter reduction of >50% |
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Pulsatile flow happens when |
Blood accelerates & decelerates, such as with the cardiac cycle |
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What kind of energy is considered the energy of motion? |
Kinetic energy |
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A drop in pressure associated with high flow speed at a stenosis is known as what? |
Bernoulli effect |
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If tube length increases, flow resistance... |
Increases |
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If viscosity increases, flow resistance... |
Increases |
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What is nonlaminar flow with random and chaotic speeds and directions? |
Turbulent Flow |
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What is known as the pressure difference divided by distance between two pressure locations? |
Pressure Gradient |
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Pulsatile flow commonly appears in what? |
Arterial Circulation |
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What law defines the relationship between volume flow and resistance? |
Poiseuille's law |
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Continuous forward flow during systole and diastole because they feed vascular beds such as the brain and kidneys is a characteristic of these types of waveforms. |
Low Resistance |
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The first main arterial branch of the right subclavian artery is the: |
Right Vertebral Artery |
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Which vessel/s connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries: |
Posterior Communicating Artery |
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Name the branches of the external carotid artery |
Superior Thyroid Ascending Pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior Auricular Maxillary Superficial Temporal |
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The first typical branch of the internal carotid artery is the:The first typical branch of the internal carotid artery is the: |
ophthalmic artery |
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The innominate artery is a branch of the: |
Aortic Arch |
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The circle of Willis receives its blood supply from which combination of arteries: |
Carotid and vertebral arteries |
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A transient ischemic attack of the right anterior hemisphere of the brain will likely affect the: |
the left side of the body |
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A stroke that resolves completely within 24 hours or less is called a: |
Transient ischemic attack (RIND resolves >24 hours & CVA irreversible) |
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A male patient describes a transient condition in which it looks like a shade is being pulled down over one of his eyes and then going back up. This best describes what? |
Amaurosis Fugax |
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The vasa vasorum are: |
vessels that supply blood to the walls of the arteries |
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Which of the following is NOT true regarding the internal carotid artery? a) its first major branch is the ophthalmic artery b) it feeds a high resistance system c) it is part of the anterior circulation d) it has no branches in its extracranial segment |
B it feeds a high resistance system |
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A carotid artery Doppler exam revealed the following peak velocity measurements (systole/diastole); CCA-100/25 cm/sec, Proximal ICA- 124/35 cm/sec with moderate plaque seen in the proximal ICA. What % diameter reduction (stenosis) is the proximal ICA using the Univ of WA and NASCET ratio criteria? |
16-49% |
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A carotid artery Doppler exam revealed the following peak velocity measurements (systole/diastole); CCA-100/25 cm/sec, Proximal ICA- 130/40 cm/sec with moderate plaque seen in the proximal ICA. What % diameter reduction (stenosis) is the proximal ICA using the Univ of WA and NASCET ratio criteria? |
50-69% |
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A carotid artery Doppler exam revealed the following peak velocity measurements (systole/diastole); CCA-100/25 cm/sec, Proximal ICA- 410/120 cm/sec with moderate plaque seen in the proximal ICA. What % diameter reduction (stenosis) is the proximal ICA using the Univ of WA and NASCET ratio criteria? |
70-79% |
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A carotid artery Doppler exam revealed the following peak velocity measurements (systole/diastole); CCA-100/25 cm/sec, Proximal ICA- 430/142 cm/sec with moderate plaque seen in the proximal ICA. What % diameter reduction (stenosis) is the proximal ICA using the Univ of WA and NASCET ratio criteria? |
80-99% |
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Innominant is a.k.a. |
brachiocephalic |
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The most important criteria for the correct identification of the deep veins is: |
An Adjacent artery |
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Which vessel is most likely to be used for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: |
Greater Saphenous Vein |
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Normal findings in venous duplex scanning of the subclavian veins are all of the following EXCEPT: a) Venous flow is spontaneous b)Flow decreases during inspiration c) Doppler signals are usually more pulsatile d) Vessel wall compressibility is difficult to perform |
B Flow decrease during Inspiration |
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The right and left common iliac veins come together to form which vessel? |
IVC |
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Which of the following is not a deep vein? a) Brachiocephalic vein b) Greater Saphenous vein c) Subclavian vein d)Femoral vein |
B Greater saphenous |
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Name the deep vein of the UE |
RUB A SB Radial *paired Ulnar *paired Brachial *paired Axillary Subclavian Brachiocephalic (innominant) Superior Vena Cava |
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Superficail UE |
Cephalic Median Cubital Median antebrachial Basilic |
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Deep LE |
Paroneal Posterior tibia anterior tibia popliteal femoral deep femoral (profunda) common femoral external iliac common iliac IVC |
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superficial LE |
Small (lesser) saphenous Greater saphenous |
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How do superficial veins communicate with deep veins? |
Perferators |
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Hunter's Canal a.k.a. |
Adductor canal |
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For DVT remember Virchov Triad |
TSH Trauma- i.e. PICC Stasis- i.e.bedbound Hypercoagulation |
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What happens to the flow of venous blood leaving the lower extremities during expiration? |
Flow rate increases |
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What happens to the flow of venous blood leaving the upper extremities during expiration? |
Flow rate decreases diaphragm moves anterior thoracic pressure increase |
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Which vessels come together to form the superior vena cava? |
Left & Right innominant remember 3 innominants 1 artery and 2 veins |
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In a patient with a normal venous system, which direction should blood flow in the venous perforators? |
Superficial to Deep |
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Which of the following does NOT aid venous flow to the heart from the lower extremities? a) release of the Valsalva maneuver b) Inspiration c) Contracting the calf muscles d) Elevating the legs above the level of the heart |
B Inspiration |
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What is the most serious complication in someone who has acute deep venous thrombosis? |
PE pulmonary Embolus |
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The three main risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (called Virchow's triad) include all of the following EXCEPT: a) Valvular incompetence b) Venous stasis c) Hypercoagulability d) Endothelial damage |
a) Valvular incompetence |
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A deep venous thrombosis must be diagnosed and treated to avoid all of the following complications EXCEPT: a) Venous incompetence b) Congestive heart failure c) Pulmonary embolus d) Damage to the venous valves |
b) Congestive heart failure |
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The transverse view is best when using compression technique to rule out a DVT during an ultrasound exam. T/F |
TRUE |
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All of the following are typical duplex findings of an acute deep venous thrombosis EXCEPT: a) Doppler signals may be absent in the veins b) the vein/s are not compressible c) Highly echogenic material seen within the lumen d) Color flow may reveal no filling or partial filling of the lumen |
c) Highly echogenic material seen within the lumen |
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The radial and ulnar veins typically come together to form the- |
Brachial vein |
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_________ is released into the blood stream via the renal vein when a renal artery reaches approximately 60% diameter reduction. This small peptide leads to the production of a potent vasoconstrictor which causes fluid volume and sodium retention. This combination results in ___________. |
Renin: HTN |
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Extrinsic compression of the celiac artery can be cause by the: |
Median arcuate ligament a.k.a. celiac band sundrome |
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Patient present with a crampy, dull abdominal pain immediately after meals. If a noninvasive vascular test is ordered, the following vessel would be the most important to evaluate: |
SMA superior mesenteric artery |
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During a duplex exam of a kidney transplant, the donor external iliac artery has a pre-renal velocity of 100 cm/sec. The highest peak systolic velocities in the transplant renal artery are 260 cm/sec in the proximal segment. What is most likely? |
The proximal transplant renal artery has a >60% diameter reduction |
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At what level of the abdominal aorta do you take the flow signals to calculate the Renal/Aortic ratio? |
The level of the celiac and mesenteric arteries *** should be below celiac but a bove the renals. |
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Which of the following terms describes a normal characteristic of renal arterial blood flow? |
Low resistance |
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During a duplex exam, the aorta is normal with a pre-renal velocity of 100 cm/sec. The highest peak systolic velocities in the right renal artery are 365 cm/sec in the proximal segment. What is most likely: |
The right renal artery has a >60% diameter reduction |
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During a duplex exam, the entire aorta is aneurysmal with a pre-renal velocity of 45 cm/sec. The highest peak systolic velocities in the right renal artery are 210 cm/sec in the proximal segment with post-stenotic turbulence seen. What is most likely? |
The right renal artery has a >60% diameter reduction |
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During a duplex exam of the kidney, the parenchyma demonstrates a PSV of 100 cm/sec and EDV of 25 cm/sec. What is most likely: |
The flow resistance in this kidney is increased |
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Peak systolic velocities of 400 cm/sec with significant post stenotic turbulence are noted at the celiac artery origin, which become 150 cm/sec with no post stenotic turbulence with deep inspiration. What condition does this example best describe? |
Extrinsic compression of the celiac artery origin by the median arcuate ligament |
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Which of the following apply best to duplex diagnosis of significant celiac trunk(artery) stenosis? |
Peak systolic velocity of 210 cm/sec with an end-diastolic velocity of 60 cm/sec |
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Which of the following apply best to duplex diagnosis of significant superior mesenteric artery stenosis? |
Fasting peak systolic velocity of 280 cm/sec |
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At what diameter would the abdominal aorta usually be considered aneurysmal? |
> 3.5 cm |
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Describe a normal set of longitudinal kidney measurements: |
measure between 9-12 cm Left usually larger than right (not always) difference between left & right not greater than 1 cm |
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Which of the following normally have high resistant flow patterns? a) Renal artery b) SMA in fasting patient c) Internal carotid artery d)Celiac trunk |
b) SMA in fasting patient |
