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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the layers of an artery?
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tunica intima-single layer of smooth epithelial cells that contribute to the overall health of an artery
tunica media-made of smooth muscle cells that move out and reccoil tunica adventitia-connective tissue and collogen |
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what are the layers of a vein? What do they contain?
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tunica intima-contains valves(we asses valves regularly, as as you move further down the body, there are more valves)
-tunica media-thinner than the artery. |
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Why do veins vasoconstrict and vasodialate?
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-to maintain temperature
-maintian proer metabolic rates |
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WHat is atherosclerosis?
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begins in the tunica media. Scaring causes a narrowing and results in sclerosis. Can only happen to arteries, not veins. It is plaque
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Capilleries
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where diffusion and omosis occurs. Only the size of one red blood cell which allows lots of time for 02 to be diffused into tissue and waste to be taken out.
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What are some blockages?
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lymphatic blockage-swelling
venous blockage-swelling, and tissue breakdown -artery blockage-tssue injury or death |
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Soleal vein
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sinus inside the calf vein
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Varicose vein
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indicates valve problems
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CCA
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common carotid artery-2nd largest branch of the aortic arch. Bifercates at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage into ECA and ICA. Lateral to the thyroid , larynx, pharyx, medial to the jugular vein
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ICA
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Internal carotid artery-no branches except intracranial. Posterolateral to the ECA
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ECA
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-Smaller than the ICA
-Branches not often seen -Anterolateral to the ICA |
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LSC
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Left sublavian vein
-3rd branch of the aortic arch -corses upward and lateral to supply the Lt upper extremity |
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VA
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Vertebral artery
4 segments -VA entrance size may vary |
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reflux
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where blood will flow in either direction
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Describe how respiration relates to venous flow
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Inhalation causes flow to slow or stop
-exhalation causes augmentation of flow |
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T/F If a blood clot forms in a superficial vein, there tends to be major problems.
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TRUE
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What is a temporal tap?
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When the temporal artery is tapped with the sonographers fingers while simultaneously sampling the ECA. Defliections are evident on the doppler spectrum
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Where does the CCA bifercate?
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at the level of the c4 spine
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Is the ECA a intercerebral artery?
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no
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What is the primary objective of scanning around the CCA bifercation?
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to detect occlusive disease, and critical stenosis
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what angles is doppler best seen at? What angle is acceptable for scanning carotid
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doppler is best seen at 0 degrees, but 60 is the angle of choice for carotid
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what is the only surface that makes contact with blood?
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the endothelium
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what is complience?
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the elastic fibers allow for the artery to stretch in response to pressure within .
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what are the types of arteries?
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muscular(distribulting arteries)
elastic(function as a pressure reservoir) arteriole(Key role is regulating resistance) |
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do capillaries have a tunica media or adventitia?
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no
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what are perforator veins?
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veins that direct flow frow superficial to deep venous systems.
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what is venous anatomy categorized into?
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deep
superficial perforating |
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what are the 4 peripheral systems?
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upper extremity-both arms and shoulders
lower extremity-both legs cerebral-neck veins and veins within the head central-all the veins within the abdomen |
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what are the lower extremity superficial veins?
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greater saphenous vein(GSV)
Lesser saphenous vein(LSV) Posterior arch vein |
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What are the lower extreminty deep veins?
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Aterior tibial veins(ATV)
Posterior tivial veins(PTV) Peronal veins(PER V) Gastrocnemius Veins(Sural) Popiteal vein(POP V)Superficial Femoral Vein(SFV) Soleal Sinus Perforators Profunda Femoris(PFV) Common femoral Vein(CFV) External Iliac vein(EIV) |
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what are the upper extremity superficial veins?
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Cephalic vein
basilic vein median cubital vein external jugular bein |
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What are the upper extremity deep veins
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Tadial veins
ultnar veins brachial veins axillary vein sublavian vein internal jugular vein innominate or brachiocephalic |
