Vas 366 Exam 3 Lectures 14&15

Front 1

What is a major sign of aortoiliac occlusive disease in males?

Back 1

Vasculogenic Impotence

Front 2

What may be a complication of vascular surgery if a bypass conduit reduces pelvic blood flow?

Back 2

Vasculogenic impotence

Front 3

Where is the blood supply to the penis derived from? (Two steps)

Back 3

Internal Iliac Artery via the Internal Pudendal Artery

Front 4

Where does the internal pudendal artery enter the male perineum?

Back 4

Through the lesser sciatic foramen

Front 5

How many branches is the internal pudendal artery divided into?

Names?

Back 5

THREE

1. Cavernosal A

2. Bulbourethral A

3. Dorsal A

Front 6

What does the Cavernosal artery supply?

Back 6

Corpora cavernosa (main erectile tissue)

Front 7

What does the Bulbourethral artery supply?

Back 7

Corpus spongiosum

Front 8

Where does the Dorsal artery supply blood to?

Back 8

Skin and glans of the penis

Front 9

What occupies the distal 2/3 of the penis?

Back 9

TWO corpora cavernosa

Front 10

What occupies the ventral 1/3 of the penis?

Back 10

Corpus spongiosum

Front 11

What thick fascial layer surrounds the erectile tissues?

Back 11

Tunic Albuginea

Front 12

Where does the urethra pass through?

Back 12

Center of the corpus spongiosum

Front 13

What drains the corpora cavernosa?

Back 13

Emissary veins

Front 14

Bulge of smooth muscle cells, i.e. penile a's and v's, formerly thought to regulate blood flow

Back 14

Polster

Front 15

During what state are arterioles leading into the corpora cavernosa constricted?

Back 15

FLACID state

Front 16

What type of stimulation to the smooth muscle of sinusoids causes relaxation of these muscles?

Back 16

Parasympathetic

Front 17

During erection, what is there a decrease of while more blood flows into the sinusoids?

Back 17

Decrease in resistance

Front 18

T/F:

As sinusoids become distended, inter-cavernosal pressure increase?

Back 18

TRUE

Front 19

What reduces venous outflow and promotes sinusoidal distension (maintaining penile rigidity)?

Back 19

Compression of emissary veins compressed against the wall of the tunic albuginea

Front 20

What is the condition of being swollen or tumid?

Back 20

Tumescence

Front 21

When do normal males have regular erections?

Back 21

During REM phase of sleep

Front 22

How are changes in penile circumference monitored?

Back 22

Using strain gauge plethysmography

Front 23

How large of cuff is used when taking penile pressures?

Back 23

2.5 cm wide

Front 24

How is a PBI calculated?

Back 24

Penile pressure/highest brachial pressure

Front 25

What are values for the following phases:

Normal?

Equivocal?

Abnormal?

Back 25

Normal: >0.75

Equivocal: 0.65-0.74

Abnormal: <0.64

Front 26

What is a normal diameter for the cavernosal arteries?

Back 26

0.5 mm

Front 27

What is the purpose of Intercavernosal injection of vasodilators?

Back 27

To test if the arterial, venous and sinusoidal mechanisms are intact

Front 28

What is considered the normal time where no disease is present w/ intracavernosal injection?

Back 28

Erection w/in 10 minutes, maintain for 30

Front 29

If abnormal study presents what is the next step taken?

Back 29

Second dose of drug is administered

Front 30

At what time interval are serial measurements taken?

Back 30

5, 10, 15, 20 minutes post-injection

Front 31

What is the waveform appearance for a penis in the flaccid state?

Back 31

Low resistance, good systolic upstroke

Front 32

What is the waveform appearance for a penis in the tumescent/intermediate state?

Back 32

Same as flaccid state however slightly diminished

Front 33

What is the waveform appearance for a penis in the erect/rigid state?

Back 33

Front 34

What increase in vessel diameter (%) is adequate to indicate normal arterial inflow?

Back 34

75%

Front 35

What peak systolic velocity is considered normal?

Back 35

40 cm/sec or greater

Front 36

What is a velocity indication of arterial insufficiency?

Back 36

Peak systolic velocity of less than 25 cm/sec

Front 37

What is the cause of veinogenic impotence?

Back 37

Unknown; COULD BE:

Excessive leakage from corpora cavernosa

Defect in tunic albuginea

Front 38

What is an indicator of veinogenic problems?

Back 38

Prominent diastolic flow in the cavernosal arteries

Front 39

What is an erection that occurs spontaneously and the penis remains rigid for an extended period of time?

Back 39

Priapism erection

Front 40

What happens with the blood during a priapism erection?

Back 40

Viscosity rises (due to increased CO2 tension)

Relative venous occlusion (no blood outflow)

Front 41

What is the process known as the twisting of testis around the axis of the spermatic cord within the scrotal sac? (at least once)

Back 41

Testicular torsion

Front 42

Testicular torsion results from abnormal mobility of what?

Back 42

Testis

Front 43

At what time is testicular tension the most common?

Back 43

Puberty

Front 44

After how many hours is testicular torsion classified as acute?

What is the appearance?

Back 44

4-6 hours

Hypoechoic, enlarged testes

Front 45

After how many days is testicular torsion considered early subacute?

What is the appearance?

Back 45

1-4 days - Necrosis

Hypoechoic, enlarged

Front 46

When is testicular torsion classified as late subactue?

Back 46

5-10 days

Hyperechoic (decrease in findings)

Front 47

When is testicular torsion classified as chronic?

Appearance?

Back 47

>10 days

ATROPHIC testes

Hyperechoic, enlarged dpididymis

Front 48

How is testicular torsion corrected?

Back 48

Surgically

Front 49

What are velocities present in testicular torsion?

Back 49

4-19 cm/sec

Low resistance

Diminished/absent flow

Front 50

What's the term for an enlargement of veins of the spermatic cord & dilatation of pampiniform plexus?

Back 50

Varicocele

Front 51

T/F:

The reason behind varicocele is known?

Back 51

FALSE; it is unknown

Front 52

Which side of the body is varicocele more popular?

Back 52

LEFT side

Front 53

T/F:

Varicocele are easily palpated?

Back 53

TRUE