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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the features of REM sleep. Compare REM and non-REM sleep.
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REM: a deep stage of sleep w/ rapid eye movements, high-frequency, low amplitude brain waves, and vivid dreaming
NREM: consists of sleep stages 1-4, no eye movements, little dreaming, and varied EEG activity |
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Describe changes in brain wave frequency and amplitude as one cycles through stages 1-4 of the sleep cycle.
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Stage 1:
a. brief light sleep b. lasts 1-7 min c. breathing/heart rate slow d. body temp goes down Stage 2: a. brief bursts of high frequency waves b. lasts 10-25 minutes c. respiration rate, heart rate, muscle tension, and body temp go down Stage 3 & 4: a. slow-wave sleep b. high amplitude c. low-frequency delta waves |
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What is a sleep spindle?
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brief bursts of high-frequency waves
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What are the effects of REM sleep deprivation?
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-little impact on daytime functioning
-shift into REM sleep more frequently |
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What is the role of REM sleep and slow-wave sleep deprivation on learning?
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-contributes to firming up learning
-correlates with subjects increments in learning |
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Describe the nature of insomnia.
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insomnia: chronic problems with getting adequate sleep
-difficulty in falling/remaining asleep -early-morning awakening |
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Describe the prevalence of insomnia.
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-most common sleeping disorder
-increases with age -50% more common in women -associated w/ day time fatigue |
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Desribe the causes of insomnia.
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-anxiety/tension
-emotional problems -back pain -ulcers -asthma -drugs (stimulants) |
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Evaluate treatment of insomnia.
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-sedative
a.have carry over effects that make people drowsy next day -ambien -melatonin |
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Describe narcolepsy.
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disease marked by sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods
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Desribe sleep apnea.
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frequent, reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep
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Describe nightmares.
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anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep
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Describe night terrors.
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abrupt awakeninings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic
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Describe somnambulism.
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sleepwalking
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What are the six types of drugs?
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-narcotics
-sedatives -stimulants -hallucinogens -cannabis -alcohol |
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What is a narcotic?
Types? Effects? |
-drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain
-morphine, heroin -euphoria, relaxation, anxiety reduction, pain relief |
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What is a sedative?
Types? Effects? |
-sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavorial activity
-barbiturates, and non -euphoria, relaxation, anxiety reduction, reduced inhibitions |
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What is a stimulant?
Types? Effects? |
-drugs that tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity
-amphetemines, cocaine -elation, excitement, increased alertness, increased energy, reduced fatigue |
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What is a hallucinogen?
Types? Effects? |
-diverse group of drugs that have powerful effecs on mental and emotional functioning, distortions in sensory/perpceptions
-LSD, Mescaline, Psilocybin -increased sensory awareness, euphoria, altered perceptions, hallucinations, insightful experiences |
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What is cannabis?
Types? Effects? |
-a hemp plant
-marijuana, hashish, THC -mild euphoria, relaxation, altered perceptions, enhanced awareness |
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What is alcohol?
Types? Effects? |
-a variety of beverages that contain ethyl alcohol
-beer, wine, distilled spirits -mild euphoria, relaxation, anxiety reduction, reduced inhibitions |
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What is tolerance?
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a progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug
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What is physical dependence?
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when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness
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What is psychological dependence?
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when a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug
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