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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meiosis |
The type of cell division that produces four unique haploid gametes (sex cells) |
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Independent assortment |
The process where replicated pairs of homologous chromosomes line up randomly at the equator and are separated independently |
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Crossing over |
The exchange of a genetic material between adjacent chromatids of homologous chromosomes |
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Mutation |
A permanent change in the nucleotide sequence (DNA) of a gene or chromosome |
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Gametic mutation |
Mutations that occur in gametes |
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Somatic mutation |
Mutations that occur in normal body cells. They are not inheritable and only affect the individual organism in their lifetime |
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Multiple alleles |
Alleles of which there are more than two alternative forms possible at any one locus |
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Lethal alleles |
Allele combinations that cause the death of an organism before birth. Results in a 2:1 phenotype ratio rather than the normal 3:1 ratio |
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Incomplete dominance |
The heterozygote is an intermediate phenotype of the two alleles |
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Co-dominance |
Both alleles are equally and independently expressed in the heterozygote |
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Gene pool |
The total sum of all alleles present in a population |
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Founder effect |
When a small group of individuals from a larger population establish a new population in a different location |
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Gene flow |
The movement of alleles either into a population (immigration) or out of a population (emigration) |
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Genetic drift |
A change in the allele frequency due to chance/random events (not natural selection). It has a greater effect on small populations |
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Bottleneck effect |
When there is a significant reduction in the size of a population due to a catastrophic event |
