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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two functions of the kidney?
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1. Maintain body fluid composition within the normal range
2. Secretion of hormones/substances |
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How does the kidney maintain normal body fluid composition?
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Filtration of Plasma
Reabsorption of required substances Elimination of metabolic waste products/chemicals |
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Name two substances that the kidney secretes.
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Erythopoietin
Vitamin D3 Renin Prostaglandin |
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What are the five gross anatomical features of the kidney?
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1. Paired
2. Firm consistency 3. Often embedded in peri-renal fat 4. Reddish-brown to purple in colour 5. Span 2.5-3 vertebrae |
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Describe the hilus.
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Medial border of kidney
Indent which forms an oval opening Houses blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and ureter |
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What is the shape of a sheep or goat's kidney?
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Bean-shaped
Well-rounded dorsal and ventral surfaces. |
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What is the shape of a pig's kidney?
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Bean-shaped
Flattened dorsal and ventral surfaces. |
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What is the shape of a horse's kidney?
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Right - heart-shaped
Left - bean-shaped |
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What is the shape of an ox's kidney?
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External outline is oval
Deeply fissured surface |
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In what region are the kidney's located?
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Sub-lumbar region, to left and right of median plane.
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What does the complex ruminant stomach do to the location of the left kidney?
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Pushes it toward the right.
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Which kidney is more cranial?
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The right kidney is at a more cranial transverse level than the left kidney.
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In which species does the right kidney actually lie in a similar transverse plane to the left?
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The pig.
Note that the right kidney therefore does not touch the liver. |
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Where does the cranial pole of the right kidney lie?
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In the depression formed by the caudate love of the liver.
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The ventral surface of the kidney is covered by...?
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Peritoneum.
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What covers the ventral surface of the kidneys?
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Intestines
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What covers the dorsal surface of the kidneys?
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Sublumbar muscles
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What lies at the medial border of the right kidney?
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Caudal vena cava
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What lies at the medial border of the left kidney?
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Descending Aorta
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What lie at the craniomedial border of both the left and right kidney?
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Adrenal Glands
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What lie at the caudal pole of both kidneys in the carnivore only?
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Ovaries
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Describe the renal capsule.
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Fibrous
Loosely bound for majority of the kidney Fused at the hilus, to the CT of the vessels |
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Describe the renal cortex.
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Outer portion of parenchyma.
More highly vascularised than the medulla. Has medullary rays - radially coursing striations. |
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Describe the medulla.
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Inner portion of the parenchyma.
Junction with cortex marked by arcuate ateries. Two zones 1. Darker, peripheral zone 2. Paler, inner zone |
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What is the lobe?
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Basic renal unit of the kidney
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Multilobular
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Medullary pyramids and papillae are distinct.
Papillae fit into calyces. |
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How does the multilobulation of the ox differ?
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External; 12-25 renal lobes, each lobe representing the fusion of 2-5 lobes
Internal; pyramid/papillae internally discernible |
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Unilobular
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Cortices & Medullae are fused although some evidence of lobation remains
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What mark the boundaries between lobes?
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Interlobular arteries
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What is the renal crest?
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Single, longitudinal ridge of medullary tissue formed by fused medullary papillae.
Projects into renal pelvis. |
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Pseudopapillae
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In carnivore/small ruminant.
Curved columns of medullary tissue, project from renal crest at right angles to longitudinal axis |
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Renal columns
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Carnivore/small ruminant
Wedges of cortical tissue between pseudopapillae |
