Vanryan Test 1 Semester 2 Ids

Front 1

USS Maine

Back 1

USS Maine
Who: The United States Navy
What: One of the first three battle ships that the US Navy had
When: 1800's
Where: US and the Atlantic ocean
Why: When the Maine blew up in the Savannah Harbor, it was the spark that started the war with spain

Front 2

Waltham system

Back 2

Waltham system
Who: Francis Cabot Lowell
What: Factory system that employed young women in factories. Their lives were run by bell systems.
When: 1800's
Where: Lowell Massachusetts
Why: It provided women with Jobs and gave them a way to make money for their families. Also, The Waltham system became one of the main ways that a factory was run.

Front 3

Eugene Debs

Back 3

Eugene Debs
Who: The head of the American Railroad Union
What: He led the strikes that forced the Northern Pacific Railroad to back down.
When: 1800's
Where: America
Why: He converted to socialism and ran for president and drew in lots of votes.

Front 4

Exodusters

Back 4

Exodusters
Who: African Americans who migrated west
What: They migrated west, mostly to kansas to become farmers
When: 1800's
Where: America
Why: African American culture spreads, and the 'black pride' movement started.

Front 5

Ku Klux Klan

Back 5

Ku Klux Klan
Who: White terrorists
What: They targeted African Americans and other minority ethnic groups. They also targeted non-prtestants.
When: 1800's and 1900's
Where: America
Why: The KKK Act was passed, and many white supremacists were convicted of violating people's civil rights

Front 6

"Typewriters"

Back 6

"Typewriters"
Who: Women workers
What: They went to wok as secretaries.
When: 1800's
Where: America
Why: More women had more economic independence. Madewomen want jobs more.

Front 7

Triangle Fire

Back 7

Triangle Fire
Who:146 Garment Workers
What: The largest industrial disaster in the city of New York, causing the death of148 garment workers who either died from the fire or jumped to their deaths.
When: March, 25 1911
Where: New York City
Why: The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which fought for better working conditions for sweatshop workers in that industry.

Front 8

13th Amendment

Back 8

13th Amendment
Who: All African American Slaves
What: The constitutional amendment that ended slavery
When:1865
Where: America
Why: Slavery was now longer allowed in the United States.

Front 9

Tariff

Back 9

Tariff
Who: Americans
What: Tax on goods upon importation
When: 1800's
Where: America
Why: Republicans liked high taxes because they gave the federal government a profit. Tariffs had to be paid in specie, not fiat, so this reduced the amount of paper money in circulation.

Front 10

Jacob Riis

Back 10

Jacob Riis
Who: Journalist and photographer
What: He wrote an article on living in tenaments.
When: 1880's
Why: Drew the public's attention to horrible living conditions in tenements.

Front 11

Social Darwinism

Back 11

Social Darwinism
Who: Herbert Spencer and Wiliam Graham Sumner
What: progress came about as a result of relentless competition in which the strong survived and the weak died out.
When: late 19th century
Where: America
Why: It convinced many people that any effort by one class to aid another only tampered with the rigid laws of nature and slowed down evolution.

Front 12

Horizontal Segregation

Back 12

Horizontal segregation (pg.
Who: People living in cities
What: a city is segregated based on economical status from the center of the city
When: 1800’s
Where: American cities
Why: This separated the rich from the poor even more. Allowed ciie to expand because of advances in transportation.

Front 13

Andrew Johnson

Back 13

Andrew Johnson (pg. 545, 549-553)
Who: Lincoln’s successor as president
What: “solved” reconstruction by readmitting all of the states. He goes to war with congress and is impeached.
When: 1800’s
Where: America
Why: The secretary of state would now become president if something were to happen to both the president and the vice president.

Front 14

Soft Money

Back 14

Soft money (pg. )
Who: Americans, particularly, farmers
What: fiat money, or paper money that has little or no real value.
When: 1800’s
Where: America
Why: The government preferred specie to fiat money because it was better for the economy. A large amount of paper money in circulation decreased its value and lowered the economy.

Front 15

Knights of labor

Back 15

Knights of Labor (pg. 602, 672-673, 674-75, 678-88, 692)
Who: Terrance Powderly, and thousands of other people, including men, women, and African Americans
What: A reform movement that wanted workers to own the means of control in the industry. They were in sync with the farmers and supported the Green Back Party.
When: 1800’s
Where: America
Why: The Knights of Labor organized the first national labor strike. It was replaced by the American Federation of Labor.

Front 16

Patronage

Back 16

Patronage (pg. )
Who: President Grant and President Garfield
What: Giving out jobs and official positions to friends and family members.
When: 1800’s and 1900’s
Where: America
Why: Pendleton Act was passed that prohibited federal employees from soliciting contributions from government workers. Made sure government officials were certified.

Front 17

Black codes (pg. 546-548)

Back 17

Black codes (pg. 546-548)
Who: Ex-slaves called freedmen
What: A series of laws that were designed to restrict African Americans’ civil rights.
When: 1800’s
Where: America
Why: The south legally takes away African Americans’ rights, putting them into de facto slavery. Sharecropping, segregation, disenfranchisement were used.

Front 18

Boss Tweed

Back 18

Boss Tweed (pg. 606)
Who: Political machine
What: Controlled New York City and the state government through patronage and voter control graft on an epic scale
When: 1800’s
Where: New York City
Why: Stole money and made millions of dollars. He ran New York City for over 20 years

Front 19

Nickolodean

Back 19

Nickelodeon (pg. 669)
Who: Thomas Edison
What: motion pictures watched through peepholes that cost only 5 cents.
When: late 1800’s to early 1900’s
Where: America
Why: Nickelodeons stimulated a motion picture industry.

Front 20

15th Amendment (pg. 258, 553-555,565, 688)

Back 20

Who: African American males
What: it gave them the right to vote
When: 1865
Where: America
Why: Millions of more people can now vote, and most of the black voters support the Republican party. Democrats are not happy with this.

Front 21

Hydraulic mining (pg. 588-89)

Back 21

Hydraulic mining (pg. 588-89)
Who: gold miners
What: A way to mine gold by blasting it with water until all the dirt is washed away. All that is left is the gold.
When: 1853
Where: California
Why: Gold could be mined more quickly and with less work. It industrialized the mining industry. Bad for the environment.

Front 22

Elisha Otis (pg. 608, 632)

Back 22

Elisha Otis (pg. 608, 632)
Who: Inventor
What: He invented the safety hoist.
When: 1800’s
Where: America
Why: horizontal segregation was reversed. People now wanted to live on the higher floors because it had the best view, and you didn’t have to walk up and down the stairs.

Front 23

James Garfield (pg. 551, 555, 639)

Back 23

James Garfield (pg. 551, 555, 639)
Who: President of the United States
What: He handed out patronage jobs to his friends and supporters instead of those who were qualified for the job.
When: 1800’s
Where: America
Why: His death brought about the Pendleton Act, which led to the professionalism of American government work.

Front 24

William Jennings Bryan (pg. 736, 748)

Back 24

William Jennings Bryan (pg. 736, 748)
Who: young politician from Nebraska
What: The populists and democrats ran him for president as a common candidate.
When: 1800’s
Where: America
Why: he started the process of campaigning advertisements and advocated free silver.

Front 25

Radical Republicans (pg. 548, 562, 564-65)

Back 25

Radical Republicans (pg. 548, 562, 564-65)
Who: A minority faction within the republican party
What: Extremely conservative republicans that wanted equal rights for African Americans.
When: 1800’s
Where: America
Why: They made reconstruction harder for the southern states.

Front 26

Buffalo Bill Cody (pg. 596-98)

Back 26

Buffalo Bill Cody (pg. 596-98)
Who: Man who did shows
What: He panned for gold, rode the Pony Express, and scouted for the army. He also ran the Wild West Company.
When: 1883
Where: America
Why: Sitting Bull went to travel with Buffalo Bill Cody and his show. Cody’s show distorts the true story of the old west. Implication on the movie industry.

Front 27

Sitting Bull(pg. 591, 594, 596, 597)

Back 27

Sitting Bull(pg. 591, 594, 596, 597)
Who: Indian chief
What: traveled around with Buffalo Bill Cody and his show.
When: 1800’s
Where: America
Why: He distorted the true story of the old west.

Front 28

14th Amendment (pg. 549-50, 554, 565, 636, 1053-54)

Back 28

14th Amendment (pg. 549-50, 554, 565, 636, 1053-54)
Who: All Americans
What: A constitutional amendment granting the same rights and protection of the law to all American citizens, including African American women.
When: 1860’s
Where: America
Why: Equal protection must apply to all states. African Americans and other minorities were now granted the idea of due process and equal opportunity under the law.

Front 29

John Rockefeller (pg. 603, 623-626, 668, 708, 727, 740, 816)

Back 29

John Rockefeller (pg. 603, 623-626, 668, 708, 727, 740, 816)
Who: business man in the oil industry
What: one of America’s first superrich people who worked in the oil industry.
When: 1800’s
Where: America
Why: He created one America’s first trusts, Standard Oil.

Front 30

Haymarket (pg. 675)

Back 30

Haymarket (pg. 675)
Who: Protestors
What: political demonstration where many people were arrested. Somebody was carrying a Knights of Labor card, and its members became blacklisted.
When: 1800’s
Where: Chicago
Why: Knights of Labor union collapses.

Front 31

Vertical segregation

Back 31

Who: Elisha Graves Otis
What: With the invention of the safety hoist, property was more expensive as you went up because it had a better view. The higher up you lived, the richer you were.
When: 1800’s
Where: American cities
Why: High rises become a key factor in American cities. The rich became even more separated from the poor.

Front 32

Susan B. Anthony (pg. 554-555, 686, 688)

Back 32

Who: Women’s suffrage activist
What: She formed the first independent women’s movement.
When: 1800’s
Where: America
Why: Women finally gained the right to vote with the 19th amendment.

Front 33

Geronimo (pg. 595)

Back 33

Geronimo (pg. 595)
Who: Chief of the Apache Indians.
What: His tribe was the last group of Indians to remain war-like.
When: 1886
Where: America
Why: After Geronimo surrenders, the Indians are finished.