Valvular Diseases

Front 1

Valvular disease is when

Back 1

the heart valves (mitral and aortic) dont work right

Front 2

Stenosis in valvular disease results in

Back 2

narrowing of the orifice and failure of the valve leaflets to open normally

Front 3

Regurgitation in valvular disease results in

Back 3

backward flow of blood through the valve when the valve is suppose to be closed.

Front 4

Cause of valvular disease

Back 4

congenital defects, trauma, ischemic damage, degenerative change, inflammation or infection

Front 5

Mital stenosis mechanism

Back 5

stiffness and fusion of the valve leaflets resulting in the mitral cusps to fuse at the edges and involves the chorda tendinae to shorten and pull the valves deep into the ventricles

Front 6

What is the result of mitral stenosis mechanism

Back 6

left atrial dilation and elevated left atrial pressure causing pulmonary congestion

Front 7

Manifestation of mitral stenosis

Back 7

nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea and orthopnea, palpitations and chest pain, weakness and fatigue, PAC's, PAT, A. Fib, and a diastolic murmur sounding like low pitched rumbling best heart at the apex.

Front 8

Must known mitral stenosis manifestations

Back 8

PAC's, PAT, A. Fib, and a diastolic murmur sounding like low pitched rumbling best heart at the apex.

Front 9

Mitral regurgitation mechanism

Back 9

blood is ejected back to the atria with each systole which causes a decrease in SV ejected from LV during systole

Front 10

Overtime you will see _____ with mitral regurgitation?

Back 10

Left atrial and left ventricular enlargement.

Front 11

Acute mitral regurgitation manifestation

Back 11

acute volume overload, increased LV preload, little increase in LV stroke volume and overall forward flow is diminshed. acute rish in LA pressure = pulmonary edema

Front 12

chronic mitral regurgitation manifestations

Back 12

more gadual change, LA dilates.... increase in LVEDV to maintain forward volume= increases workload = hypertrophy.

Front 13

As chronic mitral regurgitation progresses you will see

Back 13

dilation of the LV and SV decrease, LA pressure increase, and pulmonary congestion development

Front 14

You can tell is a mitral regurgitation by

Back 14

Predisposititon to a. fib and pansystolic murmur

Front 15

Mitral valve prolapse

Back 15

2.4-7% of population, more frequent in women and has a familiar base

Front 16

Mitral valve prolapse caused by

Back 16

unknown, with marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other connective tissue disorders.

Front 17

mechanism of mitral valve prolapse

Back 17

valve leaflets degenerate and become larger and floppy. During systole the leaflets will prolapse/ balloon back into he atrium= leaking

Front 18

manifestation of mitral valve prolapse

Back 18

asymptomatic but midsystolic click on auscultation and some have chest pain, palpitations and light headedness.

Front 19

Aortic stenosis

Back 19

the end result: narrowing of aorta orifice causing flow obstruction from LV = decrease SV, systolic Bp and pulse pressure

Front 20

Manifestations of aortic stenosis

Back 20

aysmptomatic for years, HR is often slower, harsh systolic murmur heart at left sternal border, and eventually signs of angina, syncope and heart failure. Alll tissue hypoxic b.c peripheries are cut off so lower body will be white/blue while upper body is hot and warm

Front 21

Acute Aortic regurgitation mechanism

Back 21

large volume regurgitated back to LV, increased LVEDP severely causing increased LA pressure and pulmonary edema. Decrease in CO

Front 22

Decreased co with acute aortic regurgiation activates

Back 22

sympathetic system to increase HR and systemic vascular resistance = worsens aortic regurgitation

Front 23

Chronic aortic regurgitation mechanism

Back 23

regurgant flow back to the LV, diastole pressure decreases, and LV enlarges.

Front 24

Chronic Clinical manifestations of aortic regurgitation

Back 24

asymptomatic, soft systolic aortic murmur, will eventually see LV failure : exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxymal nocturnal dyspnea. drop in diastole pressure affecting the coronary arteries = angina. Also, uncomfortable heart beat awareness, elevated systolic pressure and falling diastolic pressure