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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common cause of mitral stenosis
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rheumatic heart disease
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Most common cause of mitral regurgitation
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mitral valve prolapse, chronic rheumatic heart disease
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Most common cause of aortic stenosis
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Degeneration and calcification,
Bicuspid aortic valve (congenital) |
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Murmur = harsh,
crescendo-decrescendo (diamond-shaped) systolic at R sternal border |
aortic stenosis
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Pulsus parvus et tardus
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aortic stenosis
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Cardinal Symptoms : Angina, Syncope & CHF
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aortic regurgitation
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Apical pulse is laterally
displaced S4 gallop |
aortic regurgitation
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secondary causes of aortic regurgitation (aortic root/annulus)
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hypertension, aortitis, Marfan
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Dyspnea on exertion Orthopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Head/chest pounding Angina Fatigue, weakness |
aortic regurgitation
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Murmur = high-pitched diastolic decrescendo @ Left sternal border
best: Have pt sit up, lean forward, exhale and hold |
aortic regurgitation
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Widened Pulse Pressure
Corrigan’s or water-hammer |
aortic regurgitation
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Left Heart Failure
Cor Bovinum (massive hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart due to volume overload) |
aortic regurgitation
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Secondary to dilatation of the mitral annulus – causes?
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dilated cardiomyopathy
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Primary disease of the aortic leaflets vs mitral
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aortic - IE, Rh, BC
mitral - myxomatous |
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Fatigue, dyspnea with exertion = LHF
RHF (late sign) |
mitral regurgitation
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Murmur = holosystolic (pansystolic) at apex, radiates to axilla
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Mitral Regurgitation
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mitral valve prolapse sign
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mid-systolic click + late systolic murmur
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2/3 are women
Rheumatic Fever (most common) |
Mitral Stenosis
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Dyspnea and orthopnea
Peripheral edema Sometimes hemoptysis or bloody sputum Ortner’s syndrome (- recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy from cardiovascular disease) |
Mitral Stenosis
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Murmur = low pitched diastolic rumbling @ L ventricular apex
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Mitral Stenosis
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Pt lying in lateral decubitus position
presystolic accentuation |
Mitral Stenosis
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Loud S1 (early MS)
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Mitral Stenosis
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Heart rate control
Diuretics Surgery |
Mitral Stenosis
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Mitral valve area < 1cm2 = severe MS
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Mitral Stenosis
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