Valvular Aortic Stenosis (As)

Front 1

Valvular Aortic stenosis (AS): What is the cause?

Back 1

Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a type of valvular heart disease characterized by an abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve opening.

Front 2

Valvular Aortic stenosis (AS): What risk factors? Modifiable

Back 2

Modifiable
Diabetes[13] or Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) +
Dyslipoproteinemia[13] (unhealthy patterns of serum proteins carrying fats & cholesterol): +
High serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL, "bad if elevated concentrations and small"), and / or very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, i.e., "lipoprotein subclass analysis"
Low serum concentration of functioning high density lipoprotein (HDL "protective if large and high enough" particles), i.e., "lipoprotein subclass analysis"
An LDL:HDL ratio greater than 3:1
Tobacco smoking, increases risk by 200% after several pack years[13]
Having hypertension +, on its own increasing risk by 60%[13]
Elevated serum C-reactive protein concentrations

Front 3

Valvular Aortic stenosis (AS): What risk factors? Nonmodifiable

Back 3

Advanced age
Male sex
Having close relatives who have had some complication of atherosclerosis (e.g. coronary heart disease or stroke) Genetic abnormalities, e.g. familial hypercholesterolemia

Front 4

Valvular Aortic stenosis (AS): Diagnostic tests?

Back 4

ECHO
electrocardiogram (ECG)
Heart catheterization
Echocardiogram
Chest X-ray

Front 5

Valvular Aortic stenosis (AS): Signs & symptoms?

Back 5

Loud harsh systolic ejection murmur, decreased cardiac output, faint pulses, hypotension, tachycardia, poor feeding, chest pain, exercise intolerance.