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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mitral Stenosis
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Rheumatic fever
Failing ventricle |
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Mitral Regurgitation
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Rheumatic fever
Atrial myxoma Barlow's Syndrome Degenerative changes |
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Aortic Stenosis
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Congenital bicuspid valve calcified
Calcified normal valve Rheumatic fever Huge hearts Loud Radiates up carotids Sudden Death |
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Aortic Regurgitation
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Rheumatic fever
Syphilis Fenfluamine Pistol-shot |
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Tricuspid Stenosis
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Rare
Rheumatic fever Carcinoid heart disease |
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Tricuspid Regurgitation
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Rheumatic fever
JVD, cor pulmonale |
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Pulmonic Stenosis
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Rare
Congenital "funnel" |
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Pulmonary Insufficiency
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Very Rare
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Elongated posterior leaflet, looks like a parachute canopy
Patient usually slim Prophy before dental visit |
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Acute Rheumatic Fever Vegetations
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Small, warty, sterile, vegetations on lines of closure; Seldom embolize
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Rheumatic fever
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Streptococcal throat infection
Aschoff body with anitschkow cells (caterpillar cells) Once affecting heart may cause stenosis or regurg Most often affects Mitral and Aortic, then tricuspid, rarely the pulmonic Often fibrosis of chordae Check posterior LA for MacCallum's plaques (fibrous patches caused from jet of mitral regurg) |
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Bacterial Endocarditis Vegetations
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Large mass on a valve
Inflammation Friable Likely to embolize |
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Bacterial Endocarditis Clinical Picture
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Systemic sickness
Fever, arthritis, anemia, glomerulonephritis, clubbing, etc Splinter hemorrahages (proximal in nailbed are more worrisome) Roth spots |
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Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
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May affect a normal valve
Often caused by virulent staphylococci Highly lethal Patients often IV drug users or severe infection elsewhere or occult colon cancer |
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Subacute bacterial endocarditis
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Affects cardiac surfaces with turbulent flow
Usually strep viridans, enterococci, candida, aspergillus May not grow on culture if patient has already received antibiotics |
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Marantic Endocarditis
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non-bacterial accumulation of fibrin and platelets on the lines of closure of the valves
No inflammation Often occurs in cancer victims or as autoimmune disease Sometimes embolize, (rare) |
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Libman-Sacks
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Lupus endocarditis
Small masses of fibrin on valves Seldom damaged or malfunctioning May embolize |
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What bacteria is likely to grow on a native valve?
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Staph
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What bacteria is likely to grow on a prosthetic valve?
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Strep
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Endocardial Fibroelastosis
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Infants
Thickening of endocardium interferes with heartbeat |
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Q fever Endocarditis
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caused by rickettsia
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