Valve Defects

Front 1

Define Stenosis

Back 1

narrowing - the valve can't open properly. Then the heart chamber behind the valve tends to accuumulate blood and dilate. And that chamber must do more work to try to push the blood through  hypertrophy.

Front 2

Mitral Valve Stenosis
List causes and effects

Back 2

Ccaused by Rheumatic fever or congenital defects
*restrict blood flow from L atruim--> L ventricle, blood backs up on the L -Atrium and it becomes dilated. Blood backs up in pumonary circuit (lungs) causes pumponary edema (fluid in lungs). Because cardiac output is also decreased, the rennin-angiotensin mechanism is also activated (see below) which makes the pulmonary edema even worse.

Front 3

Insufficiency in Stenosis
what happens?

Back 3

Insufficiency = the valve can't close properly  blood regurgitates backwards through the valve. Then the chamber behind the valve is getting more blood  dilates and hypertrophies.

Front 4

List 3 causes of mitral valve insufficiency

Back 4

rupture of the chordae tendonae or papillary muscles, papillary muscle dysfunction,

Front 5

There are 3 different procedures that can be used to correct valve function:

Back 5

percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty, mitral valve repair, and mitral valve replacement.

Front 6

what is mitral valve insufficiency?

Back 6

he forward stroke volume of the left ventricle (into the aorta) decreases and the left atrial pressure increases…again causing pulmonary edema. If severe enough, mitral valve replacement may be necessary.

Front 7

symptoms of mitral valve prolapse

Back 7

chest pain, dyspnea, fatigue, anxiety, palpitations, light headedness),

Front 8

characteristics of mitral valve prolapse

Back 8

more common in women
associated with connective tissue disorders; (marfan's syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta.

Front 9

what happens in mitral valve prolapse

Back 9

the leaflets become floppy, become enlarged & floppy, so they prolapse--> balloon back in left atrium.

Front 10

symptoms of mitral valve prolapse

Back 10

it is asymptamatic. It is found as a heart murmur during a routine check up.
*if symtpoms occur: dyspnea (shortness of breath), fatigue, anxiety, palpitations, light headedness. *if severe- valve replaced*

Front 11

aortic valve stenosis
describe:

Back 11

causes increase resistance when left ventri. trying to push blood into aorta works demands on L vent increase, but cardiac output decreases.

Front 12

causes of aortic valve stenosis:

Back 12

rheumatic ever
congenital defects

Front 13

aortic valve insufficiency

Back 13

regurgitation/ back flow of blood in left ventricle, left ventricle must increase stroke volume. blood backs up in the pulm. circuit--> pulm. edema, HR will increase to compensate for decrease cardiac output.