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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psychological egoism
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Descriptive theory of how humans behave; what actually is.
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ethical egoism
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A normative theory of what should be; how we should behave "fend for yourself"
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Ruth Benedict
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Defender of ethical relativism.
"The concept of the normal is probably a variant of the concept of the good. It is that which society approved." |
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Ethical Subjectivism
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Rules are not even cultural, but individual, and no one has right to object.
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Fallacy of suppressed correlative
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Concept in Psychological Egoism that only has meaning if there's a correlative: an opposite; if all is dark, there's no such thing as light. If all are tall, there's no such thing as short.
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Thomas Hobbes
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Wrote of "social contract" in Leviathan. Said life before SC was "nasty, brutish and short."
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Bentham's Hedonistic Calculus
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Attempts a "scientific" approach to ethical decisions: Gives a numerical value to seven consequences of each decision.
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Good will intent
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For Kant, having good will means having good intentions in terms of respecting a moral law that is rational and deserves to be a universal law.
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Greatest pleasure for the greatest number
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Utilitarianism; do what you like as long as no one gets hurt
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Social contract
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A type of social theory that assumes humans in the early stages of society got together and agreed on terms for creating a society.
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Ends in themselves
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Kant's term for dignified people who have their own goals in life; they should not be used as a means to an end.
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What are three problems with Psychological Egoism?
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1. Falsification is not possible
2. Doing what benefits us may not always be "selfish." 3. Unselfish behavior seems expected in some higher animals. |
