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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An experiment has internal validity if...
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...a causal relationship can be established
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3 parts of a causal relationship
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temporal precedence, relationship between the two variables, no alternative explanations
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fixing selection bias threat to internal validity
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random assignment
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fixing history threat to internal validity
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including control group
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fixing history threat to external validity
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hard to do
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fixing participant mortality threat to internal validity
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hard to do
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threat to longitudinal designs
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external: history
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fixing instrumentation threat to internal validity
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counterbalancing/randomizing order of experimental conditions
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selection by maturation
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differences between individuals in treatment groups that produce changes in groups at different rates
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fixing selection by maturation threat to internal validity
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use random assignment/control groups
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counterbalanced design controls for:
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internal: contamination and carryover
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experimental design validity threat:
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external
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experimental design controls for:
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internal validity threats
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Randomized two-group design controls for:
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Internal: Selection, maturation, history, instrumentation threats
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Pretest-posttest two-group design controls for:
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Internal: Selection, maturation, history, instrumentation threats
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Pretest-posttest two-group design validity threats:
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When the pretest affects both conditions equally, it’s a threat to external validity. When it affects conditions differentially, it’s a threat to internal validity.
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Solomon Four-Group Design controls for:
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Selection, maturation, history, instrumentation threats to internal validity
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Static Group Comparison validity threats:
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Selection, temporal precedence (internal validity)
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Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design validity threats:
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Selection, but pretest helps
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One Group Pretest-Posttest Design controls for:
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Temporal precedence threats to validity; sometimes history, maturation, testing, instrumentation (internal)
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Replicated Interrupted Time-Series Design controls for:
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Threats to internal validity; especially sometimes history, maturation, testing, instrumentation (internal); alternate explanations
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