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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vaccination |
The act of giving a vaccine |
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Immunization |
Rendering an animal protected against a certain disease |
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Core vaccines |
Should be given to all animals of a species |
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Non core vaccines |
Should only be given to animals at increased risk of exposure |
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Antibody titer |
A blood test to measure the amount of antibodies to a specific antigen, used to determine if an animal has enough antibodies to be protected against the antigen |
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Vaccine failure |
Animal still acquires the disease even thoughit was vaccinatedLikely not the vaccine but something went wrong with the boats response to the vaccine |
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Patient risk variables to consider before vaccination |
Age Health status Geographic prevalence of disease Risk on exposure Pathogenicity of disease Maternal antibody interference Nutritional status Chronic stress Do the benefits outweigh the possible risks |
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Steps to vaccine administration |
1. Examine pets to ensure they are healthy and able to receive vaccine 2. Clean the correct site of administration (do not use alcohol) 3. Administer vaccine as recommended by the manufacturer 4. Document the vaccination in the pets file |
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Routes of administraion |
1. Injection 2. Intranasal 3. Orally |
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Types of vaccine administration |
1. All animals (regardless of age, weight, breed or gender) 2. Systemic response (whole body):inject or eat 3. Localized response: given in eyes or nose 4. Animals must be healthy when vaccinated, otherwise the vaccine wont be affective or they become ill from the vaccine |
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Inactivated vaccine (killed)(non-infectious) |
1. contains adjuvants 2. Advantages: unlikely to cause disease, safe, stable 3. Disadvantages: needs repeated doses, possible reactions, poor response |
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Adjuvants |
substances that enhances the immune response by increasing the stability of the vaccine in the body |
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Attenuated (modified live) |
1. Microorganism in the vaccine loses virulence but is still able to replicate within the patient 2. Advantages: longer immunity, better efficacy, quicker stimulation 3. disadvantages: can cause abortion, can produce mild form of the disease, can shed in the environment, proper handling/storage is critical |
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Live |
Fully virulent 2. Advantages: fewer doses are needed, lasts longer, inexpensive 3. disadvantages: residual virulence that requires careful handling |
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Recombinant |
1. a gene or antigen of a microorganism is removed and inserted into a non-pathogenic microorganism 2. Advantages: fewer side effects, highly effective immune response, varied routes of administration, safety, impossible to produce the disease it is designed to prevent 3. Disadvantages: most costly |
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Vaccine failure may be due to: |
-Maternal antibodies - Need more time to develop immunity - Contracted a different strain than they were vaccinated for - Physical damage to the vaccine - Incorrect administration -Non-adherence to vaccine schedule - Breed variations - Immunocompromised individual - Concurrent infection/fever -Nutritional status (malnourished) |
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What to do if a dog has had a previous reaction |
-Split the vaccines up in the future -Vaccinate less frequently -Use a different brand -Give a steroid or antihistamine beforehand |
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Types of reactions to vaccines |
Normal - C/S - Lethargic, anorexia, localized swelling/pain at site for 1-2 days, mild fever - Tx - Monitor, should resolve on own Anaphylaxis - C/S - Vomiting, diarrhea, swelling of face, pruritus, repiratory distress, hives, pale mucous membranes, weak, shock, seizure, coma, death -Tx - IV fluids, oxygen, antihistamine, steroids, epiniphrine - Most common with killed vaccines |
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Vaccine handling guides |
-protect vaccines from temp extremes (most store in the fridge) -protect vaccines from UV light -Use only diluents supplied by manufacturer for specific product -Do not mix vaccines in the same syringe unless recommended by manufacturer - Vaccines should be used as soon as possible after reconstitution -Use the entire ecommended dose of vaccine -Multiple dose vials have an increased risk of contamination - Use proper animal restraint when administering - Use route of administration recommended by manufacturer -Clean the injection site of any dirt or debris - Document vaccine administration in medical record |
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What should be documented in medical record for vaccinations |
-Vaccine type -name -manufacturer -serial/lot # - expiration date -date of administration -route of administration -administration site |
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Soft tissue sarcomas |
difficult, deeply rooted tumors of cats. |
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Fibrosarcoma |
-most common of the injection site sarcomas -tumor that does not usually spread throughout the body -it digs in deeply and widely in a localized area -After surgical removal, it is notorious for recurring even more aggressively than before |
