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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mie scattering
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particle size greater than wavelength
scatters forward weak wavelength dependence --> white sky in direction of sun |
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Rayleigh Scattering
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particles smaller than wavelength
perpendicular reflected Strong polarization & wavelength dependence |
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Birefringence
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material has 2 different indices of refraction
quarter wave plate converts linear polarization to circular polarization @ 45 degrees half wavelength rotates by 90 degrees Difference in optical path length = (n - n ) distance |
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Polariscope
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assess birefringence
uses 2 crossed linear polarizers tells lens material & how precessed, stress on lens, likely locations to fracture |
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Haidinger Brushes
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birefringence due to oriented cylindrical macular pigment molecules in photoreceptors axons
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lissajous curves
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system of parametric equations descibing complex harmoic motion
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visible range
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400-700 nm
750 - 430 THz T=10 to the 12 |
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wavelength violet blue
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400
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wavelength green
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500nm
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wavelength orange
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600
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Wavelength & freq
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wavelength = c/v
C= 3 * 10 to the 8 V freq (cycles/sec) |
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Photon energy
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E = hv = hc/wavelength
h= plank's constant = 6.626 * 10 -34 |
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circle circumferance
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2 pi r
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circle area
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pi r squared
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angle subtended by arc length of 1 radius
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1 radian
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Surface Area of Sphere
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4 pi r squared
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1 steradian
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solid angle subtended by surface area of r squared
area/r squared |
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surface of sphere subtends how many steradians
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pi r squared
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Radiant Power
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(flux)
energy/second= joules/second = Watts |
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Radiant Intensity
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power per solid angle leaving point source
Watts/steradian |
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Radiant Intensity
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power per solid angle leaving point source
Watts/Steradian |
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Radiance
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poer leaving surface per solid angler per unit of surface
Watts/Steradian/meter squared |
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Irradiance
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power arriving at surface of unit area
Watts/meter squared |
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Lumens
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680 * Watts * Relative Spcetral Sensitivity
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luminous power
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weighted sum of radiant power
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candela
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luminous intensity of 55nm source w/ radiant intensity of 1/683watt/sterdain
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Luminous Power
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totoal light power produced by source
Lumens ~ Radiant power (Watt) |
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Luminous Intensity
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light power produced in a solid angle by a point source
Lumen/steradian ~ Radiant Intensity (Watt/Steradian) candelas |
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Luminance
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luminouse intensity per unit projected area of an extended souce
Lumens/Str/meter squared ~ Radiance (watt/str/meter squared) Candelas/squar meter |
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Illuminance
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light falling on surface area
Lux lumens / meter square ~ Irradiance (Watts/square meter) |
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inverse square law
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area illuminated by solid line is proportional to distance squared
illuminance of surface = luminous intensity of point source / distance squared |
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cos law
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as surface tilts, it is illuminated by a smaller section of the beam
Illuminance = (Luminous Intensity * cos angle)/distance squared |
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Reflectance
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1 - absorbed
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Trolands
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micro lumens / steradian
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Retinal Illuminance
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Source luminance * pupil area
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area of circle
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pi r squared
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UVA
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315 - 400
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UVB
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280 -315
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UVC
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100 - 280
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excimer laser
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193 = UVC
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Retinal Hazard
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400 - 1400
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