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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the molecular process in genetic imprinting?
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Transfer of a methyl group.
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What is the "double-barrel" sign? And what is the #1 risk factor?
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"Double-barrel" refers to the division of the Aorta by a membrane, which is indicative of an aortic dissection creating an intramural hematoma. The RF is hypertension.
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Which treatment of high cholesterol lead to incr TG as an ADR?
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Cholestyramine (bile-acid binding resins).
This causes the liver to incr bile-acid secretion (lowering chol) but also incr VLDL and TG as a co-product. |
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Which enzymatic activity causes rupture of a thrombus creating an emboli? Where does this enzyme come from?
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Metalloproteinases, from activated macrophages.
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Patient with HLD with h/o angina and HTN. Which treatment will have skin flushing and warmth as an ADR?
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Prostaglandin, from Niacin B3.
325mg ASA given 30-60min prior help reduces these cutaneous ADR's. |
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Patient with severe HTN shows low serum potassium [K], depressed renin activity, and right-sided adrenal mass. What does this patient has and what is the DOC for treating this pt?
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This patient has ALD-secreting tumor causing CONN's syndrome (primary hyperALD).
He should be treated with Eplerenone. We used Spironolactone before. MC ADR is gynecomastia. |
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What is the different pathophysical process of Aortic dissection vs. AAA?
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Dissection: Vasa-vasorum obliteration. Present with wide mediastinum and AR.
AAA: atherosclerosis from intimal streak. Present with pulsating abdomen. |
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What are the cellular effect of NE?
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Incr cAMP in cardiac cells.
NE is an adrenergic agonist the affect A1 and B1 receptors, causing vasoconstrict (a1) via IP3/DAG pathway and incr HR/CO/CONTR (b1) via GPCR. Beta-1 incr HR is compensated by baro-mediated reflex brady maintaining normal HR. |
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How does B12 help in decr thrombosis?
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Folic acid (B9) and B12 help decreases Homocysteine, which leads to a decr in Methionine.
Methionine and THF are formed when methyl-THF donate a methyl group to homocysteine. |
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Are the the step-wise treatment for high LDL, high TG, and low HDL?
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High-LDL (chol): lifestyle, statin, ezetimibe.
High-TG: lifestyle, fibrates, niacin Low-HDL: lifestyle, niacin |
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Patient with hypersen to tobacco develops exertional calf pain and foot ulcers. What is this condition and mechanism?
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Buerger's (thromboangiitis obliterans), which affect medium-to-small arteries.
There's a chronic inflam of arterial wall, which thrombose the lumen, which undergo recanalization affecting adjacent veins and nerves. |
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A patient with HTN and DM-2 is now placed on Niacin for HLD. How would you adjust his previous HTN and DM meds?
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Decrease HTN med (because niacin's vasodilatory effect) and increase DM med (because incr insulin resistance).
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Severe HTN (170/70) elderly patient received an unknown therapy. Later c/o bilateral ankle swelling and flushing but BP is controlled. What is the most likely therapy used?
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Amlodipine
Isolated HTN is common in elderly. 1st line tx includes (1) thiazide diuretics and dihydropyradine CCB. |
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A mystery drug has andrenergic agonist property and no antagonistic property. Trial shows incr systolic/diastolic, and decr HR. What is the physiologic effect of this drug?
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alpha-1 adrenergic (A1) is consistent with the BP/HR physiologic changes (i.e. phenylephrine, methoxamine).
A1 stimulation causes vasoconstriction, leading to incr TPR and BP. This stim the barocereptor, turning on vaso-vagal reflex which decr HR. |
