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179 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the origin of the Pectoralis Major muscle?
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Medial 2/3 of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique
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What is the insertion of the Pectoralis Major muscle?
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Lateral lip of the bicipital groove (intertubercular crest of the greater tubercle) of the humerus
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What nerve(s) innervate the Pectoralis Major muscle?
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Clavicular head--lateral pectoral neve--C5/6/7; Sternal head--medial pectoral nerve--C8/T1
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What are the actions of Pectoralis Major?
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Adduction; horizontal adduction; internal rotation of the arm; assist with flexion; assist extension from full flexion; depress scapula; inferiorly rotate scapula
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What muscles are part of the pectoral group?
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Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, serratus anterior
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What is the origin of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?
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Ventral aspect of ribs 3-5
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What is the insertion of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?
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Coracoid process of scapula
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What nerve(s) innervate the Pectoralis Minor muscle?
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Medial pectoral nerve--C8/T1
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What are the actions of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?
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Depresses and protracts shoulder (stabilizes)
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What is the origin of the Subclavius muscle?
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Superior aspect of rib 1
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What is the insertion of the Subclavius muscle?
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The inferior surface of the clavicle
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What are the actions of the Subclavius muscle?
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Depresses clavicle
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What is the origin of the Serratus Anterior muscle?
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Anteriolateral surfaces of ribs 1-8
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What is the insertion of the Serratus Anterior muscle?
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Costal (anterior) surface of medial border of the scapula (mostly at the inferior angle)
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What nerve(s) innverate the Serratus Anterior muscle?
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Long thoracic--C5/6/7
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What are the actions of the Serratus Anterior muscle?
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Protract scapula; assist upward rotation; depress shoulder (lower fibers); prevent winging
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What bones make up the shoulder girdle?
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Clavicle and scapula
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How many bony articulations connect the shoulder to the axial skeleton and what are their names?
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1--Sternoclavicular joint
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What are the bones of the sternum, as well as their prominant features?
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Manubrium--sternal notch; Body of sternum--connects to manubrium at sternal angle; Xiphoid process
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What are the joints that involve the clavicle?
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Sternoclavicular and Acromioclavicular
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What ligaments are involved in the sternoclavicular joint?
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Anterior and Posterior sternoclavicular ligaments (intrinsic); Interclavicular ligament; Costoclavicular ligament (to rib 1)
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What muscle(s) have their origins on the clavicle and where?
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Pectoralis Major--Anteriomedial 2/3; Deltoid--Anteriolateral 1/3; Sternocleidomastoid--Superiomedial 1/3; Sternohydoid--Inferiomedial near costoclavicular ligament attachment
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What muscle(s) have their insertions on the clavicle and where?
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Subclavius--subclavian groove on inferior surface; Trapezius--Posteriolateral 1/3
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What ligaments are involved in the acromioclavicular joint?
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Superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments (intrinsic); coracoclavicular ligament, composed of trapezoid ligament and conoid ligament (attach to trapezoid line and conoid tubercle, respectively)
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The sternum and clavicle fit poorly together at the sternoclavicular joint--what development allows this joint to move freely, and in what directions does it move?
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Articular disc (separates two synovial cavities); up-and-down, anterior-posterior; some rotation
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Describe the clavicle and name its features.
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S-shaped bone, smoother superiorly, rougher inferiorly; Articulates with sternum medially and scapula laterally; inferior medial surface has impression for attachment of costoclavicular ligament; middle inferior surface has subclavian groove; lateral inferior surface has trapezoid line anteriolateral to conoid tubercle
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Describe the bony features of the scapula.
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Superior, inferior, and lateral angles; superior, medial, and lateral borders; glenoid fossa with supra- and infra-glenoid tubercles; coracoid process; acromion, curves around posteriorly to become spine of scapula; infraspinous and surpaspinous fossae; subscapular fossa; suprascapular notch
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Describe the bony features of the proximal end of the humerus.
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Head, anatomical neck, greater tubercle (lateral), lesser tubercle (anterior/inferior to greater tubercle), bicipital (intertubercular) groove, deltoid tuberosity (anteriolateral), radial (spiral) groove (posterior)
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What muscle(s) separate the chest wall from the anterior surface of the scapula?
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subscapularis and serratus anterior
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What is the name of the fibrocartilagenous rim that attaches to the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint?
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Glenoidal labrum
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What ligaments stabilize the glenohumoral joint, and are they intrinsic or extrinsic?
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Intrinsic--Superior, Middle(anterior), and Inferior Glenohumeral ligaments, Coracohumeral ligament, Transverse humeral ligament; Extrinsic--Coracoacromial ligament (forms a "roof" over the joint)
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What muscle is the most important muscle in protraction of the scapula?
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Serratus anterior
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What phenomenon is characteristic of a weak serratus anterior?
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Winging of the scapula
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What are the muscles in the Vertebral muscle group?
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Trapezius, Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Levator Scapulae, Latissimus Dorsi
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What is the origin for the Trapezius muscle?
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External occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12
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What is the insertion for the Trapezius muscle?
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Spine of scapula, acromion, posteriolateral 1/3 of clavicle (U-shape from clavicle around to spine of scapula)
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What nerve(s) innervate the Trapezius muscle?
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accesory (cranial XI)-motor; C3/4-sensory
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What are the actions of the Trapezius?
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Retract scapula; adduct scapula; upward rotation of scapula (via elevation of lateral angle); upper fibers--elevate shoulder, upward rotation of scapula, sidebend neck ipsilaterally; middle fibers--retract scapula; lower fibers--depress shoulder, upwardly rotate scapula (via depression of medial aspect of spine of the scapula--lateral angle rotates upward)
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What is the origin for the Rhomboid Major muscle?
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Spinous processes of T2-5
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What is the insertion for the Rhomboid Major muscle?
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medial border of scapula (between spine and inferior angle)
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What nerve(s) innervate the Rhomboid Major muscle?
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Dorsal scapular--C5 (4)
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What are the actions of the Rhomboid Major muscle?
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Retract/adduct scapula; downward rotation of scapula; elevate and fix medial border of scapula
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Which is superior to the other, Rhomboid Major or Rhomboid Minor?
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Rhomboid Minor
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What is the origin of the Rhomboid Minor muscle?
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Spinous processes of C7-T1
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What is the insertion of the Rhomboid Minor muscle?
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The base of the spine of the scapula
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What nerve(s) innervate the Rhomboid Minor muscle?
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Dorsal scapular--C5
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What are the actions of the Rhomboid Minor muscle?
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Retract/adduct scapula; downward rotation of the scapula; elevate and fix medial border of scapula (same as Rhomboid Major)
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What is the origin for the Levator Scapulae muscle?
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Transverse processes of C1-4
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What is the insertion for the Levator Scapulae muscle?
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Medial border of scapula between superior angle and base of spine
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What nerve(s) innervate the Levator Scapulae?
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Possible branch of dorsal scapular--C3/4
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What are the actions of the Levator Scapulae?
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Elevate scapula, tilt neck ipsilaterally
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What is the origin of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?
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Spinous processes of T7-T12, the spinous processes of lumbar and sacral vertebrae via the lumbosacral fascia, the iliac crest, and the lower four ribs
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What is the insertion of the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?
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Floor of bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus
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What nerve(s) innverate the Latissimus Dorsi?
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Thoracodorsal--C6/7/8
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What are the actions of the Latissimus Dorsi?
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Extension; adduction; internal rotation; depress scapula/shoulder; downward rotation of scapula/shoulder (strong pull on scapula via insertion on humerus)
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What muscles are in the Scapular Group?
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Deltoid, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Teres Major, Subscapularis
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What is the origin of the Deltoid muscle?
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Anteriolateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromion; spine of scapula (U-shape around clavicle, acromion and spine, just inferior to U-shaped insertion of trapezius on the same area)
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What is the insertion of the Deltoid muscle?
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Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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What nerve(s) innervate the Deltoid?
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Axillary--C5/6
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What are the movements of the Deltoid?
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Anterior fibers--flexion, internal rotation; Middle fibers--abduction; Posterior fibers--extension and external rotation
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What is the origin for the Supraspinatus muscle?
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The supraspinous fossa of the scapula
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What is the insertion for the Supraspinatus muscle?
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The superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
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What nerve(s) innervate the Supraspinatus muscle?
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Suprascapular--C5/6
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What are the actions of the Supraspinatus muscle?
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Abduction; Fixes head of humerus in glenoid fossa
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What is the origin of the Infraspinatus muscle?
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The infraspinous fossa of the scapula
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What is the insertion of the Infraspinatus muscle?
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The middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
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What nerve(s) innervate the Infraspinatus muscle?
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Suprascapular--C5/6
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What are the actions of the Infraspinatus muscle?
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External rotation; stabilize head of humerus in glenoid fossa
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What is the origin of the Teres Minor muscle?
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Upper 2/3 of posterior surface of lateral border of the scapula
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What is the insertion of the Teres Minor muscle?
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Lowest facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
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What nerve(s) innervate the Teres Minor?
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Axillary--C5/6
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What are the actions of the Teres Minor muscle?
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External rotation; assist adduction
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Which is superior to the other, Teres Minor or Teres Major?
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Teres Minor
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What is the origin of the Teres Major muscle?
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Posterior surface of inferior angle of the scapula
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What is the insertion of the Teres Major muscle?
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Medial lip of bicipital (intertubercular) groove (crest of lesser tubercle) of humerus
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What nerve(s) innervate the Teres Major muscle?
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Lower subscapular--C5/6
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What are the actions of the Teres Major muscle?
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Extension (including hyperextension); adduction; internal rotation
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What is the origin for the Subscapularis muscle?
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Subscapular fossa of the scapula
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What is the insertion of the Subscapularis muscle?
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Lesser tubercle of humerus
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What nerve(s) innervate the Subscapularis muscle?
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Upper and Lower Subscapular--C5/6
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What are the actions of the Subscapularis muscle?
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Internal rotation; stabilization of glenohumoral joint
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What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?
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Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
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What is the origin of the Biceps Brachii?
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Short head--tip of coracoid process; long head--supraglenoid tubercle
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What is the insertion of the Biceps Brachii?
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bicipital tuberosity of radius, via bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia of medial forearm
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What nerve(s) innervate the Biceps Brachii?
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musculocutaneous--C5/6
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What are the actions of the Biceps Brachii?
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flex forearm; supination to neutral from pronated position of the forearm
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What is the origin of the Brachialis muscle?
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Distal half of anterior surface of humerus, and intermuscular septum
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What is the insertion of the Brachialis muscle?
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Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
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What nerve(s) innervate the Brachialis muscle?
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Musculocutaneous--C5/6
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What are the actions of the Brachialis muscle?
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Flex forearm
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What is the origin of the Coracobrachialis muscle?
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tip of coracoid process of scapula
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What is the insertion of the Coracobrachialis muscle?
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middle third of medial shaft of humerus
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What nerve(s) innervate the Coracobrachialis muscle?
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Musculocutaneous--C5/6/7
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What are the actions of the Coracobrachialis muscle?
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Flexion; Adduction; helps stabilize glenohumeral joint
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What is the origin of the Triceps Brachii muscle?
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Long head--infraglenoid tubercle; lateral head--posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove; medial head--posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
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What is the insertion of the Triceps Brachii muscle?
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Olecranon process of the ulna
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What nerve(s) innervate the Triceps Brachii muscle?
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Radial--C6/7/8
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What are the actions of the Triceps Brachii?
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extend forearm; long head aids extension and adduction of arm
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What muscles are innervated by the C2 level?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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What muscles are innervated by the C3 level?
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Trapezius; levator scapulae; sternocleidomastoid (sometimes)
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What muscles are innervated by the C4 level?
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Trapezius; Rhomboid Major (possibly); Rhomboid Minor (possibly); Levator scapulae
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What muscles are innervated by the C5 level?
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Upper head of pec major; serratus anterior; rhomboid major; rhomboid minor; deltoid; supraspinatus; infraspinatus; teres major; teres minor; subscapularis
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What muscles are innervated by the C6 level?
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Upper head of pec major; serratus anterior; latissimus dorsi; deltoid; supraspinatus; infraspinatus; teres major; teres minor; subscapularis; biceps brachii; brachialis; coracobrachialis; triceps brachii
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What muscles are innervated by the C7 level?
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Upper head of pec major; serratus anterior; latissimus dorsi
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What muscles are innervated by the C8 level?
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lower head of pec major; pec minor; latissimus dorsi; triceps brachii; anconeus
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What muscles are innervated by the T1 level?
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lower head of pec major; pec minor
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What muscles are innervated by the Lateral Pectoral nerve?
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upper head of pec major
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What muscles are innervated by the Medial Pectoral nerve?
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Lower head of pec major; pec minor
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What muscles are innervated by the Long Thoracic nerve?
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Serratus anterior
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What muscles are innervated by the Accessory nerve?
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Trapezius; sternocleidomastoid
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What muscles are innervated by the Dorsal Scapular nerve?
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Rhomboid Major; rhomboid minor; levator scapulae (possibly)
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What muscles are innervated by the Thoracodorsal nerve?
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Latissimus dorsi
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What muscles are innervated by the Axillary nerve?
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Deltoid; Teres Minor
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What muscles are innervated by the Suprascapular nerve?
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Supraspinatus; infraspinatus
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What muscles are innervated by the Lower Subscapular nerve?
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Teres Major; Subscapularis
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What muscles are innervated by the Upper Subscapular nerve?
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Subscapularis
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What muscles are used to adduct the arm?
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PLTt (Adduct to PLay Table tennis)--Pec major, Latissimus dorsi, Teres Major, Teres Minor (assist)
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What muscles are used to abduct the arm?
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mDS (Abduct the MDs and drain their knowledge!)--middle fibers of the Deltoid, Supraspinatus
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What muscles are used to horizontally adduct the arm?
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Pectoralis major
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What muscles are used to internally rotate the arm?
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SPLAT--Subscapularis, Pec major, Latissimus dorsi, anterior fibers of the deltoid, teres major
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What muscles are used to externally rotate the arm?
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PIT--Posterior fibers of the Deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor
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What muscles are used to flex the arm?
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aDuP (flexion... "anD uP" we go)--anterior fibers of the Deltoid, Upper head of pec major (assist)
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What muscles are used to extend the arm?
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LpDTlP (When there are LPs around, it's Dancing Time--extend an invitation to dance! The lady and her majors stay together)--Latissimus dorsi, posterior fibers of the Deltoid, Teres Major, lower head of the pec major (assist)
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What muscles form the rotator cuff that stabilizes the glenohumeral joint?
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SITS--Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
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What muscles depress the scapula?
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SaLTPp (Having SalT & pePper hair is depressing)--Serratus anterior, Latissimus dorsi, lower fibers of the Trapezius, Pec major, Pec minor
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What muscles elevate the scapula?
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uTLsRr (elevating up To Learn since Rhomboids rock)--upper fibers of the Trapezius, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboid Major, Romboid Minor
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What muscles protract/abduct scapula?
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PAS-pSa--Protract/Abduct scapula-pec minor/Serratus anterior
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What muscles retract/adduct scapula?
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TRMm (Taste the Rainbow... M&M's... oops, retract that, that's Skittles)--Trapezius (middle fibers), Rhomboid Major and minor
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What muscles inferiorly/downwardly rotate the scapula?
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PLRr (PLease Read & Review before putting it down)--Pec major, Latissimus dorsi, Rhomboid Major, rhomboid minor
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What muscles superiorly/upwardly rotate the scapula?
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SaaulT (Texans are superior :) and they say "SaaulT" for "salt")--Serratus anterior assists upper and lower Trapezius
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What muscles depress the clavicle?
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Subclavius
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What muscle prevents winging?
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Serratus anterior
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What muscles sidebend the neck ipsilaterally?
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S-TL (St. Louis was lateral to where I went to college)--Sidebend-Trapezius(upper) and Levator Scapulae
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What muscles fix the medial border of the scapula?
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Rr (I've been working on the Railroad...hopefully it's fixed by now)--Rhomboid Major, rhomboid minor
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What is the origin of the Anconeus muscle?
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Posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
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What is the insertion of the Anconeus muscle?
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lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of the ulna
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What nerve innervates the Anconeus muscle?
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Radial nerve--C7/8
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What are the actions of the Anconeus muscle?
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Assists triceps in forearm extension; supports lateral side of elbow joint when contracting
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What is the apex of the axilla?
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Directed into the base of the neck; bounded in front by the clavicle, behind by the superior angle of the scapula, and medially by the outer border of the 1st rib
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What is the base of the axilla?
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Formed by skin stretching between the anterior axillary fold (lower border of pec major) and posterior axillary fold (lower border of teres major)
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What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?
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pec major and minor
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What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?
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subscapularis, lat dorsi, teres major
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What forms the medial wall of the axilla?
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upper 4/5 ribs and intercostal spaces covered by serratus anterior
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What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?
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coracobrachialis and biceps brachii in the intertubercular groove of humerus
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What vessels run through the axilla?
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Axillary atrtery/axillary vein
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What vessel does the axillary artery become at the inferior border of teres major?
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Brachial artery
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What vessel becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the 1st rib?
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Subclavian artery
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What nerve group is found in the axilla?
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Brachial plexus
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Draw the brachial plexus.
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(See book)
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What does the lateral stem of the median nerve innervate?
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flexor muscles in the forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris)
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What does the medial brachial cutaneous nerve innervate?
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skin of medial arm
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What does the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervate?
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Skin of medial forearm
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What does the ulnar nerve innervate?
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some forearm flexor muscles and most muscles of the hand
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What does the medial stem of the medial nerve innervate?
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some intrinsic muscles in the hand
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What does the radial nerve innervate?
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extensors muscles of the upper limb, and brachioradialis
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Describe the distal end of the humerus.
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Capitulum, trochlea, coronoid fosse, radial fossa, olecranon fossa, medial and lateral epicondyles
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Describe the proximal radius.
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head, neck, bicipital tuberosity
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Describe the proximal ulna.
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Radial notch, olecranon process, trochlear notch, coronoid process, ulnar tuberosity
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What nerves innervate the skin of the arm?
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Medial brachial cutaneous, upper and lower lateral cutaneous, posterior cutaneous
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What is a dermatome?
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the area of skin innervated by a particular spinal level
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What is a myotome?
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the group of muscles innervated by a particular spinal level
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What is a sclerotome?
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The area of deep tissue (bones and joints) innervated by a particular spinal level
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Where would you do a sensory test to check C3 fibers?
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just above mid-clavicle
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Where would you do a sensory test to check C4 fibers?
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skin over AC joint
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Where would you do a sensory test to check C5 fibers?
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over insertion of the deltoid
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Where would you do a sensory test to check C6 fibers?
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dorsum of thumb
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Where would you do a sensory test to check C7 fibers?
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middle finger
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Where would you do a sensory test to check C8 fibers?
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little finger
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Where would you do a sensory test to check T1 fibers?
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skin over medial epicondyle of humerus
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What dermatome is the lateral arm?
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C5
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What dermatome is the lateral forearm?
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C6
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What dermatome is the superior medial arm?
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T2
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What dermatome is the inferior medial arm and superior medial forearm?
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T1
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What dermatome is the inferior medial forearm and medial wrist/hand?
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C8
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What dermatome is the middle hand, including the middle digit (usually digits 2-4)?
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C7
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How does the Anconeus muscle affect pronation/supination of the forearm?
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(look this up and type it here)
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What are the branches off the brachial artery?
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Deep brachial artery, ulnar collateral arteries
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What does the brachial (deep) fascia become?
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medial and lateral intermuscular septae
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What nerve/level innervates the skin of the axilla/armpit?
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Intercostalbrachial cutaneous nerve/T2
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