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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes hereditary angioedema? Why is this relative to tx?
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Deficiency of C1-Esterase-Inhibitor
- Can't inhibit Kallikrein which: - Kininogen → Bradykinin - Plasminogen → Plasmin and therefore can't stop C1 from being activated → Angioedema Contraindicated w/ ACE-I |
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What AD condition is Danezol used to treat?
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Danezol is a synthetic androgen that treats Hereditary Angioedema (C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency) by stimulating C1EI production by the liver
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What is the most common systemic vasculitis in children and what causes it?
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Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
IgA deposits in BV's walls (d/t preceding URI) - Palpable purpura (lower extrem) - Arthralgias - GI (pain, melena) - Renal (IgA Nephropathy) |
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What parts of the nephron are most affected by ATN?
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The PT and the TALoH b/c:
- located in outer medulla - use ATP-powered active transport |
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What are the pharmacologic ways to manage asthma?
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1) ANS Regulation
- ↑ß2 (Albuterol = acute, Salbuterol = long term; Isoproteronol = non-selective) - ↑cAMP (Theophylline = PDE inhibitor; Adenosine inhibitor) - ↓M3 (Ipratropium = lung specific) 2) Inflammatory control: - ↓Arachidonic Acid Pathway (steroids = beclemethasone, prednisone) - ↓LT synth = Ziileuton (LOX) - ↓LT-R = zafirleukast, monteleukast - ↓Mast Degranulation = Cromolyn |
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How do you treat the two major SE's of Theophylline toxicity?
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Use the B's for Theophylline:
- Seizures = Benzo's & Barbiturates - Tachycardia = ß-Blockers |
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How do you prevent major toxicity from the chemo treatment for testicular, bladder, ovary and lung cancer?
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Cisplatin → Nephrotoxicity
PPx = Amifostine (thiol-based free-radical scavenger) plus IV Normal Saline (for chloride diuresis) |
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Why would you use neostigmine rather than physostigmine to treat MG?
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B/c MG is a problem @ the NMJ, so you don't want something that will cross the BBB (like physostigmine)
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Which anti-arrhythmics prolong only the QRS complex?
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Class 1 Anti-arrhythmics
(affect the I(Na) channels responsible for Phase 0) |
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Drugs that cause seizures?
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1) Bupropion (antidepressent)
2) INH (anti-TB, if w/o pyridoxine) 3) Imipenem (anti-biotic) |
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What are the diseases associated with collagen formation?
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1) Scurvy (Vit C needed for Hydroxylation step)
2) Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Problem in glycosylation step where H- and S-S bonds make triple helix - Type I) 3) Ehlers-Danlos (Problem in Cross-linking step @ end - Type III) 4) Alport's Syndrome (Problem w/ Type IV) |
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What are the stresses that cause Acute Gastritis?
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1) Stress
2) NSAIDS (e.g. pt. w/ RA taking daily) 3) Burns = Curling's Ulcers (d/t sloughing mucosa) 4) Brain Injury = Cushing's Ulcers (d/t vagal-mediated ↑H+ secretion) 5) EtOH (alcoholics) 6) Uremia |
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What diuretic would you give someone in CHF that is allergic to sulfa drugs?
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Ethacrynic acid
(essentially = to furosemide) |
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What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in patients w/ sickle cell?
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Salmonella
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What drug is the only anti-hypertensive that also improves renal perfusion?
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FenolDOPAM = DOPAmine D1-R agonist (specific; no α or ß effects)
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How does Digoxin work?
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1) Indirectly increases [Ca]i (inhibits the NaKATPase, thus stopping Na/Ca exchange)
2) Stimulates CNX (Vagus) and increases PANS tone |
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What disease is associated w/ p-ANCA>?
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Churg-Strauss syndrome = small vessel vasculitis
a/w adult onset asthma, neuropathy (e.g. wrist drop) and eosinophilia. Is an Ab vs myeloperoxidase in neutrophils (P=perinuclear) |
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What is the one time it is OK to Tx children w/ ASA? Why is this so?
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Kawasaki Dz (medium vessel vasculitis)
d/t risk of Reye Syndrome (hepatic failure & encephalopathy d/t ASA use in kids) |
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Which fungus can cause systemic mycosis in immunocompromised people by growing inside macrophages?
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Histoplasma
CXR = hilar LA, diffuse infiltrates Bx = round yeasts inside macrophages PE = HSM & tongue lesions (ulcers) |
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What two functions are mainly affected in someone w/ Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome? (NMS) What is the Tx?
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1) Thermoregulation
2) Muscle tone/movement (D2 controlled) Dantrolene (direct muscle relaxant) or a D2 agonist like Bromocriptine |
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What is the most sensitive indicator of COPD severity/progression?
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The Reid Index
in Chronic Bronchitis, it reflects hypertrophy of the mucus gland layer. Calculation is (mucus layer)/(total wall thickness) - COPD >50% |
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What are tocolytics and what are some examples?
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They are ß2 agonists that defer premature uterine contractions (tocolysis)
e.g. Terbutaline & Ritodrine It'd be TER-rible 2-ß having the baby RIT-e now |
