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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a complication of both hysterectomy and BPH? What is the presentation?
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Hydronephrosis
Hysterectomy - can damage ureters since they course posterior to the uterine artery Presents as flank pain that radiates to the growin; palpable mass in the RUQ |
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What is the progression of Paget's disease of bone and what are the characteristics?
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1) ↑OsteoCLAST activity → ↑OsteoBLAST activity
2) 5 H's of Paget's: - Hurt (bone pain; fractures) - Headache - Hearing loss (narrowing auditory foramen) - Hat size ↑ - Heart failure = High output (AV shunting |
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What is the MOA of Nitrates?
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1) Converted to NO @ plasma membrane of smooth muscle
2) +Guanylate cyclase → ↑cGMP 3) ↓Ca2+ → inactivate MLCK & activate MLCP → dephosphoryalte Myosin |
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What is c-ANCA, what is it pathognomonic for, and what is the clinical picture?
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cytoplasmic-staining Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody = Wegener's Granulomatosis
Triad: 1) Focal, necrotizing vasculitis (small vessels) 2) Lung/Upper Airway necrotizing granulomas 3) Glomerulonephritis (necrotizing) |
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If after fasting for a long time you are hypoglycemic and hypoketotic, what is impaired?
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ß-oxidation d/t:
1) Carnitine deficiency (LCFA's) 2) Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (inside the mitochondria) |
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What is the dx of Schizoaffective disorder?
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1) 2 weeks+ psychotic symptoms (w/o mood)
2) A mood episode (major depressive, manic, or both) |
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What gene mutation is related to HIV immunity?
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CCR5(delta)32
CCR5 is a co-receptor for gp120 (docking glycoprotein) along w/ CD4 |
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What are the viral causes of URI? (Descending order)
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RIC-olla is APR-eciated:
Rhinovirus Influenza Corona Adeno Parainfluenza RSV |
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What is the most common cause of Croup and what are its characteristics?
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Usually by Parainfluenza (or RSV, the other paramyxovirus)
Brassy Cough (seal-like) Stridor (laryngeal involvement) Breathing difficulty (inflamed subglottal tissue block airway) |
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What is the second most common type of 1º brain tumor in adults? What cells is it from? What regions are common? What are histo findings?
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Meningioma = #2
- from Arachnoid cells - Parasagittal region - Psammoma bodies, spindle cells in a whorled pattern |
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What nerve injury is common and causes foot drop?
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Common Peroneal (L4-S2)
Lateral aspect of the leg & also goes around fibular neck, so can be damaged or compressed. PED: P-eroneal E-verts & D-orsiflexes; injury → foot drop-PED |
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What do ring-enhancing brain lesions on CT/MRI in an HIV patient represent?
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Toxoplasmosis (brain abscesses)
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What are the findings in congenital toxoplasmosis?
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Classic Triad (CH-or-I-oret-I-n-I-t-I-s)
- C-horioretinitis - H-ydrocephalus - I-ntracranial calcifications |
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What is the Tx of Toxoplasmosis?
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1) Sulfadiazine
2) Pyrimethamine ("PMT") (similar to SMX/TMP combo blocking folate synthesis) |
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What are the inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase?
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TMP:
1) T-rimethoprim (TMP) - bacterial 2) M-ethotrexate (MTX) - eukaryotic - blocks S phase (cancer) 3) P-yrimethamine - parasites |
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What is the enzyme deficiency, accumulated substrate, and classical features of Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)?
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1) HMB Synthase (aka porphobilinogen deaminase)
2) PBG (porphobilinogen) & ALA (aminolevulinic acid) 3) Abd Pain, Port-wine urine (left out), neuropathy & psycho changes |
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What is the treatment for Acute Intermittent Porphyria?
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Glucose and Heme
Both will inhibit ALA synthase thus preventing the accumulation of ALA and PBG |
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What are the thiazolidinediones?
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aka Glitazones (Pio & Rosi)
DM drugs that bind nuclear transcription regulator (PPAR-y) Leads to ↑Adiponektin and ↑Insulin sensitivity |
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What is ritonavir? What's the major side effects?
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Protease Inhibitor (-Navir) used in HAART
1) Lipodystrophy 2) Hyperglycemia 3) P450 inhibition (note: if TB, then give rifabutin vs rifampin) |
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What is the empiric treatment for neonatal meningitis?
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1) Ceftiraxone (tx GBS = #1 cause, also neisseria, strep pneumo, h. influenza)
2) Ampicillin (in case it's listeria monocytogenes) |
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What is the lymph drainage of the testes? The scrotum?
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Testes → Retroperitoneal (periaortic) LN's
Scrotum → Inguinal LN's (superficial covers everything south of the umbilicus including the external genitals and rectum to pectinate line) |
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What is the key finding in urine from someone w/ minimal change disease?
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Only Albumin is higher.
Loss of GBM polyanions cause selective loss of albumin, not globulins. |
