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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Health psychology
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branch of psychology that deals with how people stay healthy, why they become ill, and how they react to illness
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50%
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percentage of deaths before the age of 65 which could be prevented if people took better care of their health
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stress
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pattern of disruptive physiological and psychological reactions to threatening events
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Conflict
frustration threats to one's self esteem stressful events lesser sources--- |
Sources of stress
(4 main points) |
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conflict
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requires a choice between alternatives
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4
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How many basic types of conflict are there?
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approach-approach
approach-avoidance avoidance-avoidance double approach-avoidance |
Basic types of conflict
(4 points) |
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approach-approach
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choosing between 2 equally attractive options
ex. deciding between 2 good job offers |
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approach-avoidance
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a single goal with positive and negative consequences
ex. marriage or new job |
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avoidance-avoidance
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choosing between 2 negative outcomes
ex. baseball player caught between bases or enduring a toothache/going to the dentist |
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double approach-avoidance
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choosing between 2 options which both have positive and negative consequences
ex. job with good pay but poor hours or job with lesser pay but better hours |
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frustration
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occurs when one is unable to satisfy a motive
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5 sources
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how many sources of frustration?
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delays
lack of resources loss failure meaninglessness |
name the sources of frustration
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3 reactions:
fight flight compromise |
how many reactions to frustration are there?
name them. |
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fight
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taking aggressive actions
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flight
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withdrawl
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compromise
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making a deal with the situation
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Both positive and negative events often require stressful adjustments in patterns of living
Social readjustment rating scale student stress scale college undergraduate stress scale |
Describe stressful events. What are some stress tests we talked about in class?
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humiliation
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An example of a threat to self-esteem
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occupation (burnout)
compassion fatigue traumatic events vicarious traumatization poverty new/different culture daily hassles |
lesser sources of stress
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Learned helplessness
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may develop if one believes that he/she cannot control events
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Selye's general adaptation sydrome
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pattern of reaction to stress with 3 stages
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alarm
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1st stage in Selye's
body mobilizes its resources to cop with a stress |
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resistance
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2nd stage in Selye's
body adapts and uses resources to cope with a stressor |
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exhaustion
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3rd stage in Selye's
body fatigues into deterioration |
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psychosomatic (stress linked) disorders
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Prolonged stress can lead to these.
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Type A
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portrays a sense of urgency, competitiveness, and impatience.
typically time conscious and attempt to multitask hostility (clenched jaws or fists is common) |
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"Coronary-Prone behavior pattern"
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Another term for type A
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Type B
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more laid back
better at handling stress lower chance of heart disease |
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Type C
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pleasant, but internalize negative emotions
personality has been linked to cancer |
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hardiness
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personality trait which helps with dealing with stress
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feeling of control
commitment to goals viewing change as a challenge, not a threat |
characteristics of hardiness
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optimism
laughter religious commitment social support |
4 things that contribute to better health
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resiliance
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capacity to adapt and overcome serious difficulties
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Progressive muscle relaxation
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beginning with the hands, tense and relax all the major muscles in the body
strategy for coping with stress |
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Autogenic training
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repeating statements over and over to yourself.
imagery can be used strategy for coping with stress |
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Imagery
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picturing a relaxing scene, often with soothing music
strategy for coping with stress |
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meditation
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refocusing of attention, focusing on a particular thought or image
strategy for coping with stress |
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anticipatory coping
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mentally rehearsing in advance
seeing yourself coping with an upcoming situation strategy for coping with stress |
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CoCounseling
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arranging a weekly meeting with a friend in which he/she is the "counselor" and listens to you vent your emotions and frustration
reverse situation strategy for coping with stress |
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cognitive restructuring
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learning to cognitively re-evaluate stressful situations
strategy for coping with stress |
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Rational Emotive Therapy
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realizing that your perception of an event, not the event itself, causes an emotional reaction
strategy for coping with stress |
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positive
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_____ thoughts and emotions and laughter help cope with stress
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religious commitment and prayer
social support assertive behavior physical exercise good nutrition and sleep relaxing hobby focusing on successes, not failures striving for improvement, not perfection don't procrastinate |
Other methods of dealing with stress
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70%
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In the Asch study, what percentage of people sided with the majority at least once?
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2/3
not real shocks |
What fraction of people in the Stanley Milgram study administered the highest shock?
Were these shocks real? |
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Bystander effect
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The tendency for people to not help during an emergency if they are in a crowd.
More likely to help if alone than in a crowd |
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middle school
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time when girl gang affiliation typically begins
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dysfunctional or abusive family life
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major reason why girls seek gang affiliation
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low self esteem
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girls with ____ ____ _____ are more apt to join a gang
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90%
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Percentage of girls in gangs who are victims of abuse
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Initiation
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Often a part of gang activity.
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5%
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Percentage of female gang members who display the tough behavior of the male gang members
ex. high risk crimes, violence, etc. |
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relationship based
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rehab programs for women should be _________.
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individual therapy
group counseling family counseling |
3 different types of relationship based programs
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culture
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Behavior can only be judged in the context of the _______ in which it takes place
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Deviant
Maladaptive Personal distress |
Criteria for determining abnormal behavior (3)
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deviant
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strays from acceptable cultural norms
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maladaptive
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interferes with personal functioning
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DSM-V
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official classification system of the APA
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Psychoanalytic model of abnormal behavior
(psychodynamic) |
sees abnormal behavior as the result of faulty defense mechanisms that allow conflict and anxiety to break through
or form the overuse of defense mechanisms |
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Learning model of abnormal behavior
(behavioral) |
abnormal behaviors are learned the same way that all behaviors are learned
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Biological model of abnormal behavior
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abnormal behaviors can be traced to physical disorders
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Humanistic-Existential model of abnormal behavior
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attributes abnormal behavior to a person's failure to fulfill personal growth or potential
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Cognitive model of abnormal behavior
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sees abnormal behavior as the result of a person's distorted perception of the world and misinterpretations of other people
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Anxiety disorders
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Disorders characterized by:
motor tension hyperactivity apprehensive expectations and thoughts |
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Phobic disorder
(phobia) |
persistent, out of proportion fear of an object or event
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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similar to phobic disorder, but the person's anxiety is not linked to a particular object or situation; there is a "free floating" anxiety that persists for at least 1 month
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panic disorder
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recurrent sudden onset of intense apprehension or terror; often precipitated by a stressful life event
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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repeating unwanted thoughts or ideas
or repeating certain rituals or actions over and over |
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Post-traumatic stress disorder
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develops through exposure to a traumatic event
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dissociative disorders
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disturbances of memory and consciousness
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amnesia
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memory loss
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fugue
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amnesia accompanied by actual physical "flight"
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somnambulism
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sleepwalking
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dissociative identity disorder
(multiple personality) |
presence of two or more separate personalities in the same person, correlated with drama
esp. childhood abuse |
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Somatoform disorders
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psychological problems appear in the form of physical problems and complains
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Conversion disorder
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involves physical symptoms, such as blindness, paralysis, tremors, or loss of speech. No physical cause can usually be found
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Hypochondriasis
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persistent belief that one has a medical disorder despite lack of medical findings
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Mood (affective) disorders
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disturbance of mood and emotion
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depression
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lethargy, sadness, general apathy, and self-reproach
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Bipolar
aka. manic depressive |
alternates between depression and mania
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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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uses magnetic waves to eliminate depression
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overwhelmed.
hopeless |
Suicide attempts often occur when the person feels _______ and believes that the situation is _______.
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eating
sleeping grades friends activity level |
suicide is often indicated by changes in the following:
(5) |
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Schizophrenia
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applies to a wide variety of disorders, of which distortion of reality seems to be a common symptom
inability to filter out certain stimuli |
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dopamine
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Schizophrenia may be caused by too much of this biological chemical
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Paranoid
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tendency to interpret others behavior as being deliberately threatening
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Anti-social Personality
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persistently violates rights of others and is in conflict with the law; experiences little or no guilt, or anxiety
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Borderline
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emotionally unstable, unpredictable, impulsive, and irritable. Often manipulative
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Anorexia Nervosa
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life-threatening; refusal to maintain healthful body weight
intense fear of being overweight distorted body image amenorrhea in females |
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Bulimia Nervosa
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recurrent cycles of binge eating followed by dramatic measures to purge the food
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