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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the equation for Cardiac Output?
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CO=Heart rate x stroke volume
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What is the equation for Blood Pressure?
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BP=Cardiac Output X Peripheral vascular resistance
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Discribe the harmonal response to shock (hypoperfusion):
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-Adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine causing vasoconstriction and rise in BP
-The kidneys release Renin Enzime which acts on angiotensinogen which acts on Angiotensin I (with ACE) which goes to the liver to convert to Angiotensin II resulting in vasoconstriction, increased pre-load, increased BP. |
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Where does aldosterone originate in the body?
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Adrinal Cortex
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What hormone when released into the body causes sodium to be retained and water to be reabsorbed into the kidneys?
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Aldosterone
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What hormone causes Aldosterone to be released from the adrenal cortex?
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Angiotenson II
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What is the name of the ADH that is released from the Posterior pituitary glands and causes vasoconstriction and targets the kidneys where water is reabsorbed and urin output falls resulting in increased blood volume?
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vasopressin
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Name the primary compensating mechanism hormones involved to increase blood pressure during shock.
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Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, Aldosterone, Vasopressin.
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What are enzymes?
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Proteins that have specific targets and help speed up metabolizing process in the cells. Like other proteins, enzymes consist of long chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds. They are present in all living cells, where they perform a vital function by controlling the metabolic processes whereby nutrients are converted into energy and fresh cell material.
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What are amino acids?
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They are the building blocks of proteins.
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What is the somatic nervous system?
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The somatic nervous system (SNS) is the part of the peripheral nervous system[1] associated with the voluntary control of body movements through the action of skeletal muscles, and with reception of external stimuli, which helps keep the body in touch with its surroundings (e.g., touch, hearing, and sight).
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What is Acetylcholine?
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Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) in many organisms including humans. Acetylcholine is one of many neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the only neurotransmitter used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system. (Sensory neurons use glutamate and various peptides at their synapses.)
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What are the two primary branches of the autonomic nervous system?
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Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
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What is the neurotransmitter for the Parasympathetic (cholynergic) branch of the autonomic nervous system?
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Acetylcholine
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What are the neurotransmitters for the Sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system?
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Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine
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What are the two subdivisions of the sympathetic (adrenergic) nervous system?
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Alpha and Beta
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What does Beta 1 effect?
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Heart
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What does beta 2 effect?
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the lungs
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What does Alpha effect?
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Arteries
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What drug has properties of Alpha, Beta1 and Beta2?
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Epinephrine
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What are "distributive" types of shock?
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Low resistance due to Neurogenic, anaphylactic or Septic shock.
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What are the three stages of shock?
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Compinsating
Decompinsating Irreversable |
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What subdivision of the sympathetic nervous system does Norepinephrine belong to?
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Alpha
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