Utsw Muscular System

Front 1

Review three types of muscle tissue.

A. List examples
B. Differentiate between involuntary and voluntary control of each type

Back 1

Striated or Skeletal Muscle Voluntary (arms, legs, back, face etc...)

Cardiac Muscle (heart) involuntary and it is self activiting or autonomic.

Smooth Muscle (involuntary), Digestive system, arteries and veins, uterous.

Front 2

List the five functions of skeletal muscle.

Back 2

1. Produce movement 2. Maintain posture and body position 3. Support soft tissue 4. Guard entrances and exits 5. Maintain body temperature

Front 3

Describe Gross anatomy of skeletal muscles

Back 3

Skeletal muscle tissue, nerves, blood vessels and connective tissues.

Front 4

Discribe the microanatomy of skeletal muscles:

Back 4

1. "Thin" actin filimaments interact by moving between the thick myosin filaments. Actin moves / myosin does not move 2. At rest, the actin's " active sites aka "myosin binding sites" located on the troponin within the actin are covered by strands of "tropomyosin". 3. At work, the thicker "myosin" connects to the thin actin with the myosin head attaching itself to the "active sites". This connection is called a "cross bridge". The connection is accomplished only after the ER or endoplasmic Reticulum (more specifically called Sarcoplasmic Reticulum) releases calcium to bind with the tropomyosin which causes it to move out of the way to expose the "active sites" or "binding sites" for the myosin head to attach to. ATP is converted to energy and changed to ADP and the head pulls back. Then, energy is used through the use of breaking the ATP bond again to cock the head back and in preparation of another action movement. The braking of the bond of ATP changed ATP to ADP and the Myosin head releases its grip.

Front 5

Define Neuromuscular Junction:

Back 5

0

Front 6

Sarco

Back 6

flesh or muscle

Front 7

Sarcolemma

Back 7

Muscle Cell Wall

Front 8

Sarcomere

Back 8

Thin and Thick filaments in repeating units responsible for muscle contraction.

Smallest functional unit of a muscle fiber.

Front 9

myofribril

Back 9

"a bunch of sarcommeres put together side by side"

Front 10

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 10

Stores and releases Calcium necessary for muscle cell contraction. It is the same as the "endoplasmic reticulum" but specific to muscle cells - sarco meaning flesh or muscle.

It is a network of interconnected membranous tubules that extend from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane and serves as a passageway for the transport of the materials necessary for cell function wtihin the cell - including proteins and lipids.

Front 11

"t" tubules

Back 11

"Subway" that carries information throughout the cell.

Front 12

Name the order from smallest to larger:

Back 12

Actin - myosin/ put a bunch of actin and myosin together you get a sarcomere / put a bunch of sarcomere together you get a single myofibril / you put a bunch of myofibral together ... you finally have a single muscle cell.

Front 13

Endomysium

Back 13

Surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber (cell) within the fascicles.

Front 14

Fascicle

Back 14

a bunch of cells together.

Front 15

Parimysium

Back 15

divides muscle into bundles of fibers.

Front 16

Epimysium

Back 16

Collagen fibers, surrounds the entire muscle and separates muscle from surrounding tissues.

Front 17

Neuromuscular Junction

Back 17

-Intercellular connection in which a nervous impulse is conducted to the muscle tissue

-single Axon branches into the peruimysium to deliver a message to the muscle fiber.

Parts:
Acetylcholine (ACh), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
Receptor sites

Front 18

neurotransmitter

Back 18

carries information

Front 19

Acetylcholine

Back 19

A chemical that is released by the axon to communicate to the inside of the cell by binding to the receptor site on the muscle to contract, starting the contraction of a muscle at the nerve site. It also causes a permiability to the cell wall that allows sodium to enter the cell allowing the cells to repolarize.

Front 20

Acetylcholinesterase

Back 20

A chemical that stops or (erases) the contraction.

Front 21

receptor site

Back 21

located on the muscle's sarcolemma to receive the Acetylcholine which starts the signal to contract.

Front 22

Axon

Back 22

Sends messages away from the cell body.

Front 23

Cell body

Back 23

Contains the nucleus, mitochondria, and other key structures

Front 24

Dendrite:

Back 24

A sensory process of a neuron. Directs information toward the Cell body.

Front 25

Explain depolarization and repolarization:

Back 25

Depolarization is when the depolarization is when the myosin head springs back into position causing the actin to move, thus contraction of the muscle. Repolarization is when the ATP recocks the myosin head into position just prior to depolarization.

Front 26

Discuss the energy source and review the simple equation for cell respiration.

Back 26

Glucose+O2= CO2+H20+ATP+heat

Front 27

Explain the relationship between hemoglobin, myoglobin, oxygen debt and lactic acid.

Back 27

Hemoblobin brings oxygne to your muscles. It can carry four molecules of Oxygen.

Myoglobin stores the oxygen in the muscle fibers so that it is immediately available for fast reaction.

Oxygen debt is when you owe your body oxygen. You were running on annaerobic metabolism to replace your reserve ATP/Oxygen and eleminate Lactate Acid that has built up due to over exersion.

Lactic Acid is created in annaerobic (absence of oxygen) metabolism due to the cells using lipids and proteins for energy instead of ATP.

Front 28

Mitochondria

Back 28

A place in the cell where ATP is manufactured.

Front 29

Calcium Channel Blockers

Back 29

Decrease the force of contractions of a muscle.

Front 30

Fast Fibers

Back 30

Very few mitochondria and are pale in color like chicken breasts. Use a lot of ATP but can only manufacture small amount. Creates explosive fast behavior. Rapidly fatigue.

Front 31

slow Fibers

Back 31

Can contract for a long period of time. Dark meat". Lots of myglobin. Lots of mitochondria.

Front 32

Antagonistic muscles

Back 32

the primary mover such as the biceps when flexing your arm and bending at the elbow.

Front 33

Synergistic Muscle

Back 33

Works in slight opposite of the primary muscle to help guide and control the movement.

Front 34

Cardiac Muscle

Back 34

has automaticity

Front 35

Muscles to identify

Back 35

Deltoid - shoulder
Sternocleidomastoid - neck
Pectoralis major - chest
Vastus Lateralis - along the side of the femur
Triceps - back of upper arm
Gastrocnemius - back of lower leg.