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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The basic function of the RBC is to provide a stable environment for the protein (blank).
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hemoglobin
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List the path air takes beginning in the upper respiratory.
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Nose, nasal cavities, nasal pharynx, oral pharynx, laryngo pharynx, glottic opening, trachia, right and left primary bronchi at the corina. The air continues through smaller and smaller branches of the branchial tree and then into the bronchioles and finally to the alveoli.
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What is washed out of your alveoli when near drowning occurs?
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surfactant
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The purpose of cilia?
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Move everything to the pharynx.
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If I diabetic becomes acedotic, what would the respiratory response be?
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increases (tachypnea).
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What gas defuses into the alviole?
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CO2 defuses/ oxygen is "sucked" into the alveole.
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Where does oxygen defuse?
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at the capillaries
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During exhalation, the pressure in the thoricic cavity is what? During inhalation the pressure is what?
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higher
Lower |
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The structures all together that make include the glottis, the glottic opening etc is called the (blank).
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Larynx
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Part of the brain that controls respiration rate and rhythm are the?
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Medulla rate
Pons rhythm |
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During inhalation does the diaphram contract or relax?
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contracts
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Normal range for capnography is:
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between 35 and 45
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If the pt. has a co2 reading of 28 he is Hypo or hyper ventilating?
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Hyperventilating
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If the pt. has a co2 reading of 64, he is hypo or hyperventilating?
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hypoventilating
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Largest cartlige on the trachia is the (blank).
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Thyroid cartlige.
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The only cartilage that goes all the way around the trachia is the (blank).
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Cricoid cartilage
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The junction where the trachia split into the right and left primary bronchi is called the:
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carina
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The lining of the chest cavity is called the (blank).
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parieta pleura
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Covering of the lungs:
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viscera pleura
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The amount of air that you take in with one breath?
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tidal volume
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Tital volume multiplied by breaths per minute:
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minute respiratory volume
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What reflex keeps your lungs from over inflating?
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Hering-Breuer
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Which creates the strongest breathing stimulis
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CO2
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What happens to the pH when the Co2 rises in the blood stream?
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pH lowers and pt becomes acidotic.
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What happens to the pH when O2 levels rise?
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nothing
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The percent of O2 we inhale is (blank) and exhale is (blank).
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21 percent
16 percent |
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Three primary functions of the lymphatic system?
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1. Produce lymphocytes
2. Return fluid and solutes back to the blood stream 3. distribute hormones and nutrients |
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Are lymphs extracellular or intracellular?
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extracellular
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Where does lymph come from?
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Plasma
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How does lymph move around?
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muscle contraction
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Primary cells of the lymphatic system are called?
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lymphocytes
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Name three lymphcytes
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T cells, B cells and NK Cells
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Name three lymphatic organs.
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Lymphnodes, spleen, thymus
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What kind of lymphoid tissue are toncils?
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Lymph nodules
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Masses of lymphoid tissue that are not surrounded by fiberous capsules are called:
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Lymph nodules
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What abdominal quadrant is the spleen located in?
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LUQ behind the stomach
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Can you life without a spleen?
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yes
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What cells cause anaphylactic reaction?
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T cells
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Regarding antibodies and antigens; who destroys who?
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Antibodies destroy antigens
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How is a virus "neutralized".
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Making it incapible of binding to a cell.
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Why can't humans get dystemper?
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Innate immunity
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What type of immunity will a child have after he has mumps?
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acquired immunity
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Will antibodies kill bacteria?
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yes
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Can you kill a virus?
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no - they are not alive.
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Name the functions of blood:
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Transport, regulation and protection
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Name the elements in blood:
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RBC's (Erythrocytes), WBC's (Leukocytes) and plateletts.
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What process produces all of the formed elements in blood?
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hemopoiesis
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The digestive system does seven things; what are they?
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injest, mechanical processing, digestion, secretion, absorbtion, elemination
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Medical term for chewing?
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mastication
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Inner-most cavity of the tooth?
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pulp cavity
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Outer-most layer of a tooth's crown?
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enamel
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Middle layer of a tooth's crown?
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Denton
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The gum line?
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gingiva
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How many decideous teeth do we have?
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22
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How many permanent teeth do we have?
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32
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The fibrous connective-tissue layer covering the cementum of a tooth and holding it in place in the jawbone.
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periodontal membrane
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Three sets of salivary glands?
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Parotid Gland
Submandibular Sublingual |
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Inflamation of the parotid gland is commonly referred to as (blank).
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Mumps
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Does digestion occur in the pharynx?
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No
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Does digestion occur in the esophagus?
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No
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The lining of the abdominal cavity is the
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Perietal paritoneum.
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When food leaves the stomach, it's called (blank)
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chyme
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Lower part of the stomach going into the intestines:
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duodenum
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If you cut the ribs away and move the stomach aside in the LUQ, you will see the left side of the (blank)
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Liver
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The sodium concentration of your body fluid is blank.
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0.9 percent
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Normal pH of the body is between blank and blank
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7.35 and 7.45
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What happen when the pH falls?
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Pt. becomes more acidic; pt. breaths faster to expel carbondioxide
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What happens to body fluid with respect to acid/base balance if the CO2 falls?
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Pt. becomes more alkaline (base)
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Where's epinepherine produced?
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Adrenal glands (above the kidney)
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Is the gallbladder endocrine or exocrine? Why?
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exocrine
Because it uses a duct to secrete bile to the duodenum |
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The liver removes (blank) from the blood and turns it into bile.
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bilirubin
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What does the gallbladder do?
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stores bile for digestion
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What does bile do?
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breaks down fat
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What makes hydrocortosone and where is it made?
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Cortisole
Adrenal Gland |
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The (blank) is the largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, the cartilage structure in and around the trachea that contains the larynx.
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thyroid cartilage
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The (blank) is the only cartilage that completely surrounds the trachia.
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cricoid cartilage
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The (blank) is the soft space the space where a whole can be surgically made to produce a whole for breathing if no other means is available.
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cricothyroid membrane
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There are two "pea-sized" glands near the Thalamus. The one that is anterior to the brain stem is the (blank) and the one that is posterior to the brain stem is the (blank)
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pituitary gland
pineal gland |
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The overies are indocrine or exocrine?
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indocrine
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Glucagon is made by the (blank) cells located in the (blank) of the pancreas .
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alpha cells
Islets of Langerhans pancreas |
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Insulin is made by the (blank) cells located in the (blank) of the pancreas .
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Beta cells
Islets of Langerhans pancreas |
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What does insulin do?
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Allow glucose to go from the blood supply into the cell.
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Does insulin make your blood glucose levels go up or down?
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Down because the glucose goes out of the blood and into the cells.
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When you test blood with a "d-stick", are you testing intracellular fluid or intravascular fluid?
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Intravascular fluid
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Immediately following a meal, (blank) levels go up and (blank) levels go down. Between meals, (blank) levels go down and (blank) levels go up.
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insulin
glucagon insulin glucagon |
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Produced by the pancreas, (blank) is released when the glucose level in the blood is low (hypoglycemia), causing the liver to convert stored glycogen into (blank) and releasing it into the bloodstream.
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Glucagon
Glucose |
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(Blank) is a hormone produced in the pineal gland, a small gland in the brain, that helps regulate sleep and wake cycles.
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melatonin (makes you "mellow" when it's time to sleep)
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Melatonin is produced in the (blank) gland.
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pineal
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What hormone is a man fighting a lion secreting and where is it produced?
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epinephrine (adrenaline)
Adrenal glands located above the kidneys |
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In breastfeeding, the act of an infant suckling the nipple stimulates the production of (blank hormone), which fills the breast with milk via a process called lactogenesis. (Blank hormone), is another hormone released, which triggers milk let-down.
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Prolactin
Oxytocin |
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What type of tissue is bone.
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connective
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Flat cells that are egg shaped and acts as a covering or lining is what type of tissue?
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Epithelial tissue
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Living cells with "not-living" matrix around it is what type of tissue?
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connective
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A nerve CELL is called a (blank).
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neuron
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What type of tissue is a nerve?
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neural tissue
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What kind of tissue is at the lower end of the esophogus?
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epithelium
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Name the four types of tissue:
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Nerve, Epithelium, Muscle, and Connective
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Which of the vertebra are most susceptible to injury?
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Cervical
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How many vertebrae are there? How many in the cervical? How many in the thoracic? How many in the Lumbar? How many in the sacrum? How many inthe Coccyx?
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33
7 12 5 5 4 |
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Name the types of hinge joints:
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ball and socket, saddle, gliding,
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Name the muscle in the side of the thigh?
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Vastus Lateralus
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Name the muscle on the back of the fibula
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gastrocnemius
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Three layers of a blood vessel?
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Tunica intima
Tunica media Tunica externa |
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Normal pH of blood.
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7.35 - 7.45
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The part of the throat you see if you look straight back in the throat.
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oralpharynx
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Will antibodies kill parasites or fungus?
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no and no
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What system returns fluid to the blood stream?
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lymphatic
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Oxygen binds to iron; iron binds to hemoglobin; and hemoglobin binds to (blank).
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Red Blood Cells
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what's the heart sack called?
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paricardium or paricardial sack
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Cations and anions held together because of their attraction to each other by positive and negative charges is called a (an):
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Ionic bond
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Where can you find adipose tissue?
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subcutaneous layer
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The spirilportion of the bony labrynth in the inner ear that surrounds the organ of hearing is called the:
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cochlea
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Tissue fluid of the CNS:
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CSF cerebospinal fluid
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Hormone that causes uterine contraction:
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oxytocin
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