Uts Reviewer 1St To Psychology Perspective

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always sought answer to life's difficult questions and has relentlessly pursued answer

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Philosopher Perspective

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THE SELF

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• Self Concept

• Self Knowledge

• Social Self

• Self-Esteem

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idea of the self-constructed from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the response of others

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Self Concept

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understanding of oneself or one's own motives or character. A component of the self or, more accurately

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Self Knowledge

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Confidence in ones own worth or abilities self-respect. an individual's subjective evaluation of their own worth

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Self Esteem

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aspects of one's identity or self-concept that are important to or influenced by interpersonal relationship and the reaction of other

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Social Self

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Love of wisdom

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Philosophy

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-an ancient greeting of highly civilized greeks

-self-control ➡️ self-moderation

-a requirement for self-moderation, prudence, good judgement, and excellence of the soul

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Know Thyself

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• only about quantifiable facts

• more than just one fact

• to know thyself is to know the limits of the self so that one knows what one is capable of doing and what is not

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Knowing Oneself

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"The soul is the essence of the person"

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The Ancient Greeks

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aspects of knowing thyself are already extentions from self-Knowledge to ethics

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Prudence and Judgement

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• known as the forerunner of western Philosophy

• the market Philosopher

• Wisest among the Philosopher

• "What i Know i do not know"

• the acquisition of wisdom through knowing oneself

• the ultimate wisdom comes from knowing oneself

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SOCRATES

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the essence of the human person

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Soul

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the responsible agent in knowing rightly and wrongly

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The Soul or The Self

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in this perspective, the self is our INNER BEING

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True Self

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paramount that we devote considerable amount of _________, _________, and __________ to making our soul as good and beautiful as possible

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Attention, Energy, Resources

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to attain the GOOD life, we need to have acquisition of 3 things:

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Knowledge, Wisdom, Virtue

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• started the examination of the self as a unique experience

• the true self is the rational self

• he believes that the soul is just RESIDING the body TEMPORARILY

• he believes that the SOUL is composed of the TRUE SELF

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Plato

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The soul is composed of 3 parts:

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1. Rational Soul

2. Will/Spiritual Self

3. Appetitive Soul

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the superior (moral & rational guide) reflects, analyze, think (Reason)

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Rational Self

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part of the psyche that is excited when given challenges, or tight backs when agoited (hot blooded part of the psyche) (Honor)

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Will/Spiritual Soul

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one's desire, pleasure, physical satisfaction, comfort, pain, hunge, thirst etc. (Desire)

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Appetitive Soul

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about his journey toward the understanding of the self was centered on his religious convictions and beliefs

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St. Augustine

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the end goal of man is...

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happiness

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to know thyself is to know the limits of the self so that one knows what one is capable of doing and what one is not

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Imperative

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• Father of modern Philosophy

• For him, the SELF is the thinking being, wherein "I doubt therefore I exist"

• refuses to believe in the certainty of his sense perception and started to doubt everything

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Rene Descartes

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cogito ergo sum

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"I think therefore I am" or "I doubt therefore I exist"

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The primary condition therefore of the existence of the self according to Descartes is...

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human rationality

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the proposition of this person is that the self is comparable to any empty space/blank sheet where everyday EXPERIENCES contribute to the pile of knowledge

• "what worries you, masters you"

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John Locke

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an important requirement in order to have sense data

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Experience

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For him, the self are just bundles of temporary impression, "There is no self"

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David Hume

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he believes that the self is always transcedental

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Immanuel Kant

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he believes that self is the brain

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Paul Churchland

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A talk of mind is only a talk of behavior. For him "I act therefore, I am" or "you are what you do" for him the SELF is how you behave

• concept of mind

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Gilbert Ryles

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In the allegory of the Chariot, the rational soul is likened to?

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Charioteer

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his ideas suggest that there is unity in our mental, physical, and emotion disposition

• one's perception of one's experience

• movement & expression

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Maurice Merleau-Ponty

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requires understanding our society and its culture

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knowing the self

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the scientific study of human life

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Sociology

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• a subculture of people who experience similar social phenomena

• They share common theme with regards to values, norms, behaviors, and cognition

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Generation

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born after WW II

• characterized as: Indepent, Conservative, and traditional

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Baby Boomers

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• born between 1970's - 1980's

• characterized as: cynical, untrusting and individualistic but also independent, competent, technical and diverse

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Gen X

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• the most controversial of the generation cohorts

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Millenials

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• The product of modern society who grew before and during 2nd millenium

• characterized as: responsible, independent, fast thinker, entrepreneural, achievement-oriented, confident w/ technology

• they have a feeling of self-entitlement

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Gen Y

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• the self(ie) generation

• considered as positive user of culture

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GEN Z

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emphasized the self as a social product

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George Mead & Charles Horton Cooley

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Idea that verbal and non-verbal communication

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Symbolic Interaction

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3 stages of social development

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1. Preparatory Stage

2. Play Stage

3. Game Stage

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• children learn to imitate those in their environment

• The start to learn how to communicate through symbols

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preparatory stage

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• becomes skillful user of symbolic interaction

• starts to learn about roles and how to take part in them

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Play Stage

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learn to take multiple roles, they now become students, sons/daughter, leaders, and friends

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Game Stage

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Mead's ideas in ROLE TAKING is his concept of _________ as the incorporation of society's expectations into oneself

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Generalized other

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he proposed that children are born with elementary mental abilities

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Vygotsky

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this person argue that children learn by watching how adult's behave

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Margaret Mead

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The SELF is not discovered but is made through....

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Socialization Process

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These person who have an emotional bond and influence on a child... it is

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Significant other

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This concept that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interaction and perception of others

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Looking Glass Self

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introduced the concept of looking glass self

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Charles Horton Cooley

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3 parts of Looking Glass Self

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1. What we IMAGINEof how others see us

2. How we THINK others judge us

3. What we FEEL about those judgments

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defines four areas of the self

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Johari's Window

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Areas of the self in JOHARI'S WINDOW

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• Known Self

• Blind Self

• Hidden Self

• Unknown Self

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• study of human race

• study of people and cultures in the past and today

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Anthropology

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4 Branches of Anthropology

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1. Archaelogy

2. Physical Anthropology

3. Linguistic Anthropology

4. Cultural Anthropology

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how people lived in the past

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Archaelogy

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• human biology

• how people adopt and how body's change

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Physical Anthropology

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how people speak, use it, how their language develop

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Linguistic Anthropology

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how people live their life in present and how they lived in the past

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Cultural Anthropology

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Components of Culture

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1. Material Culture

2. Non-Material Culture

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culture that consist of human technology – all things that people make and use

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Material Culture

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inclusive of the intangible human creations that include, beliefs, values, norms, and symbols

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Non-material Culture

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an influential facti on how you enter into and maintain relationships. This influence how adults encourage children to form relationships

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Relationships

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whether you value and how you value traits

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Personality Traits

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it influences how you define success

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Achievement

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culture influences how feelings are expressed

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Expressing Emotions

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For him, Culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society

• all socially standard ways

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E.B Taylor

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culture is an organization of phenomena that is dependent upon symbols, according to....

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Leslie A. White

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According to __________, Culture is based on the premise that all learned behavior is in the final analysis

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anthropologist

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which people guide as their relation to their surroundings and to other people

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Mental Map

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he described culture as the way of life of a particular people living in one place

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T. S. Elliot

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people are autonomous and are focused on achieving their personal goals over the goals of their in-group

• these people belong to such as at an early age they learn the word "i"

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Individualist

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a person sees himself as an integral part of communal group, be it his nuclear family, his friends, or even his/her co-workers

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Collectivist

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the first to coin the term Self-Esteem

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William James

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A part of the self that is revealed only as a person begins to shed the various techniques developed to deal with basic anxiety and find ways of resolving conflicts

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Real Self

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Congruence means... having a

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Healthy personality

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the self where is presents what you fear you might become

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Possible Self

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Micro generation during the cusp years of Gen Xers and Millennials

• experienced an analogue childhood and digital adulthood

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Xennial

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both an informal and a formal experimental approach

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Introspection

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representation of an individual based on his/her experiences

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The Psychology of the self

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perceptions and beliefs that comprise our self-concept

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self-schemas

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one of the most heavily researched areas in Social and personality psychology

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Self

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focuses on the mental processes rather than the observable behavior

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Cognitive Construction

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• father of Scientific Psychology

• classic distinction between the self as knower and the self as the known

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William James

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things that belong to us that make us belong to

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Physical or material self

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who we are in a given social situation

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Social Self

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who we are at our core. It is our subjective and most intimate self

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Spiritual Self

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The ME 3 components

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1. Physical/Material Self

2. Social Self

3. Spiritual Self

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a person's over-all self evaluation or sense of self-worth

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Self-Esteem

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represents the way people generally feel about themselves

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Global Self-esteem

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temporary feelings or momentary emotional reactions to positive and negative events

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State self-esteem

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how people evaluate their various abilities and attributes

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Domain Specific Self-Esteem

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According to Sigmund Freud, there are 2 SELVES

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Conscious and Unconscious

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the ____ is being the self

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ego

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trusting, dependency

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Oral Passive

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aggressive, dominating

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Oral Aggressive

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2 types of Oral

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Oral passive and Oral Aggressive

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2 types of Anal

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Anal retentive and Anal expulsive

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tidiness, obsessiveness, mean, stubborn

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Anal retentive

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untidiness, generosity

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Anal expulsive

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abnormal family set-up leading to unusual relationship with mother/father

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Phallic

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Settling down in a loving one-to-one relationship with other

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Genital

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her FEMININE PSYCHOLOGY establishes that a person has an: IDEAL SELF, ACTUAL SELF and REAL SELF

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Karen Horney

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an imaginary picture of the self as possessor of unlimited powers

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Idealized Self-Image

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the person in everyday life

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Actual Self

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a person begins to shed the various techniques developed to deal with basic anxiety

• a forced that implies growth and realization

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Real Self

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developed a new method of client-centered therapy

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Carl Rogers

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essential in guiding and motivating us to behave in a way that would lead us to the best version of who we want to be

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Ideal Self

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developed from past experiences, current behavior, and future expectations

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Possible Selves

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unhealthy personality

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incongruence

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how one performs

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Self-efficacy

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one's overall assessment of one's worth as a person

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Self-Esteem

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argues that having a flexible sense of self is different context is more socially adaptable than force

MULTIPLE vs. UNIFIED SELF

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Kenneth Gerden

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• the capacities we carry within us from multiple relationships

• 'not discovered' but rather 'created'

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Multiple Selves

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understood that person is essentially connected with selfhood and identity

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Unified Self

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TRUE vs FALSE SELVES

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Donald Winnicot

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• necessary defensive organization, a threatened person has manage to survive

• has to comply with external rules

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False Self

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has a sense of integrity, connected with external rules

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True Self

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narcissistic personality

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Heinz Kohut

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Self as proactive and agentic self

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Gordon Allport

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known as the executive function that allows for actions

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Agent Self

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an active process of exploring, manipulating, and influencing the environment in order to attain desired outcomes

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Human Agency

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the core features of human agency

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Albert Bandura

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acts of person performs intentionally

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Intentionality

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behaviors to produce desired outcomes and avoiding undesireable ones

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Forethought

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monitoring progress toward full filing choices

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Self Reactiveness

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examination of own functioning, evaluation of the effect if other people's action on them

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Self-Reflectiveness