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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Principle of Utility |
'The greatest good for the greatest number' - teleological |
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Bentham |
A practical MP who is considered the father of utilitarianism. Believed the 'good' was pleasure. He was a hedonist and made the hedonic calculator. |
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Hedonism |
Humans are naturally psychological hedonists - seek pleasure and avoid pain. |
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Hedonic Calculus |
Purity - the probability of pleasure/pain Remoteness - nearness in time Intensity - how strong it is Certainty - how certain it is Extent - how many people it will directly effect Duration - how long it last Fercundity - domino effect |
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Mill |
Believed the 'good' was happiness and that because we cannot numerically weight up pleasure/pain, he made higher & lower pleasures. |
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Higher Pleasure |
Pleasure of the mind i.e. friendship. More long term. Seek to maximise the higher pleasure. |
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Lower Pleasure |
Pleasure of the body i.e. chocolate . More short term. |
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Newton's Enlightenment |
Inspired Bentham to transform philosophy into a more theoretical subject. |
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Rejection of Natural Rights |
The denial of any notion of natural rights. Utilitarians do this.` |
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Counter-Argument: Relativity |
Utilitarianism permits a little bit of pleasure for the majority at the expense of a lot of pain for the minority |
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Counter-Argument: Ethics of Fantasy |
J.L. Mackie - unrealistic and impractical |
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Counter-Argument: Utility Monster |
Robert Nozick - a utility monster is someone who receives a substantially greater deal of units of pleasure than the average person. According to the principle of utilitarianism, it is just to satisfy this 'utility monster' at the expense of the majority. Proves utilitarianism isn't as 'egalitarian' as it appears at face value. |
