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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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teleological or deontological
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teleological
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so act or consequences?
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consequentialist
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Who?
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Jeremy Bentham, JS Mill, Hare etc
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What is the principle of utility?
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USefulness for everyone of actions
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Qual or quan for Bentham?
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Quan
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What is Bentham's based on?
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hedonism - happiness - looking for pleasure, avoiding pain
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'The pr. of u. aims to promote happiness which is the s. e. v.'
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The principle of utility is to promote happiness which is the supreme ethical value'
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'An act is... if it deliviers... and wrong if it brings...'
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right if it delievers more pleasure than pain, about more pain than pleasure
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Hedonic Calculus
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method of calculating consequences of things
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Give seven elements
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1. intensity (deep)
2. duration caused (how long 3. certainty 4. remoteness (how near or far) 5. chances of a succession of pleasures (how continuous) 6. purity (how secure) 7. extent (how universal) |
deep?
How long? certa... how far? continous? how secure (this is pu...) 7. how universal? (ex...) |
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So for Bentham, acts are judged as
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means to an end
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(me... t. a. e)
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Bentham, which version is this?
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Act
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JS Mill - quan or qual?
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Qual
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'the Greatest Happiness principle holds that a. are r. in proportion as they tend to pr. h., wrong as they tend to prod. the r. of h.'
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actions, right, promote happiness, produce, reverse, happiness
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'some kinds of pleasures are more desirable and more valuable than others'
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yep, that
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example of romans and christians and lions
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more pleasure letting them live rather than killing them pleasure
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Universability - everyone deserves own happiness so...
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each person deserves own happiness, so every person ought to aim at his happiness, therefore everyone ought to aim at the happiness of everyone
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This is the one that doesn't make sense
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'Better a human being diss. than a...; better to be Socrates d...'
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dissatisfied a pig satisfied, dissatisfied a fool satisfied
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Higher and Lower pleasures -
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People are capable of more than animals, so those that make us happy not as base instincts are intrinsically betterr - we should reject animal pleasures
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People are capable of more
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What and why the rules?
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Needs to be some rules in order to establish order. Rules should be universal to produce greatest happiness
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Order, universal
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RM Hare, Singer, Brandt - which version
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Preference
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So how does this judge actions
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Whether they fit in with preferences of individuals
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RM Hare ' equal preferences count equally... w. t. c.'
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Whatever their content
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Standing in another's shoes?
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treat everyone with impartiality
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Singer - what should we take?
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viewpint of an impartial spectator
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What are the best consequences then?
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What is in the est interests of everyone - so killing someone who wants to live is wrong, as is killing someone who wants to die
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example of suicide and murder
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