Usu Comd 3700 Audiology Final

Front 1

nflammation vs. Infection

Back 1

Inflammation denotes a condition of swelling, probably a collection of fluid, redness, and maybe some pain. With infection, we are speaking of invasion of tissue by bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms.

Front 2

What anatomical components make up the outer ear and how are disorders divided?

Back 2

The outer ear consists of the auricle or pinna, the external auditory canal (or external auditory meatus) and the tympanic membrane. Disorders of the outer ear can be divided into these 3 anatomical areas.

Front 3

What type of hearing loss do outer ear conditions result in? To what degree?

Back 3

Conditions that affect the outer ear will result in a conductive hearing loss. Usually the hearing loss is not severe and never exceeds a 60 dB air bone gap.

Front 4

Otoscopy

Back 4

Otoscopy is simply shining a light in the ear of the patient in order to view the status of the ear canal and eardrum. This can be done with a hand held otoscope or a video otoscope. A video otoscope displays the ear canal and eardrum on a video monitor. By making a visual inspection of the outer ear you can determine many of the disorders associated with it.

Front 5

Is there hearing loss associated with auricle disorders?

Back 5

Disorders of the auricle usually only affect the size or shape of the actual pinna, so there is usually not any hearing loss associated with this disorder.

Front 6

Microtia

Back 6

abnormally small pinna or auricle.

Front 7

Macrotia

Back 7

abnormally large auricle

Front 8

Anotia

Back 8

missing or absent auricle

Front 9

otoplasty or pinnaplasty

Back 9

surgical procedure to improve the appearance of the patient’s auricle if it protrudes from the head. (brad pitt)

Front 10

Atresia

Back 10

completely closed ear canal without any opening whatsoever from the auricle through to the tympanic membrane

Front 11

name the disorders of the auricle

Back 11

Microtia, Macrotia, Anotia,

Front 12

name the disorders of the EAC

Back 12

Atresia, Stenosis, collapsing ear canal, foreign bodies, external otitis/swimmer’s ear, cerumen/earwax,

Front 13

Stenosis

Back 13

canal abnormally narrow. If the ear is open at all, there's usually not a great deal of hearing loss in stenosis. Problem with cerumen build-up in stenosis.

Front 14

collapsing ear canal

Back 14

+ canal collapses down upon it self.
+ 4% of a typical audiology caseload, usually with children or the elderly.
+ This can be determined during the otoscopic examination.
+ can be opened with the insertion of an insert earphone during testing.
+ supra-aural earphones during testing can inadvertently collapse that narrow ear canal down and and impose a conductive hearing loss on the patient.
+ important to look for narrow ear canals before testing

Front 15

foreign bodies

Back 15

need to be removed. Sometimes if left untreated they can cause hearing loss.

Front 16

external otitis/swimmer’s ear

Back 16

+ infection in the external auditory canal usually caused by a bacteria formation from changing conditions in the environment around the external ear. ie, fungus
+ Pain. Swelling. Redness. Exudate, fluid is discharged from the external auditory canal.
+ Should be referred to medical professional rather than test hearing.
+ Treatment for this problem is cleansing, applying antibiotics with a cotton wick in the ear canal by an ear, nose, and throat specialist.
+ Hearing loss is related to the occlusion of the ear canal from fluid and pus and other matter and swelling.

Front 17

disorder cerumen/earwax

Back 17

+ Glands produce excessive wax
+ ear canal abnormally narow
+ Hearing loss related to occlusion of the ear canal
+ Treatment: irrigation, removal by audiologist, ent, etc...

Front 18

Tympanic membrane disorder

Back 18

TM perforation/thickening
+ perforation (a tear or hole) of the tympanic membrane may be caused by disease (an infection) or some other factor such as trauma.
+ A middle ear infection can cause enough pressure that it ruptures the TM.
+ Trauma from an object (Q-Tip, bobby pin) pushed too far into the EAC or a blow to the head can cause a TM perforation as well.
+ Perforations on the central part of the tympanic membrane usually result in a greater hearing loss. Perforations that are toward the periphery of the tympanic membrane result usually in lesser hearing loss.
# Also the size of the perforation will relate to hearing difficulties. Small perforations tend not to have quite the effect that larger perforations have on hearing loss.
+ Antiobotics help healing. Also, Myringoplasty is surgery involving the tympanic membrane.