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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name five agents used in malignant hypertension
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1) Nitroprusside
2) Fenoldopam 3) Labetolol 4) Calcium channel blockers (Clevidipine, Nicardipine) |
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How can you die from industrial exposure to nitrate
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Cardiac arrest on weekend due to compensatory vasoconstriction
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What agent is first line of symptomatic A. Fib
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Beta-blockers
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Treatment of DCM
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Heart transplant
Goal: Decreased BP to decreased afterload - Diuretics, Na+ restriction, ACEi, digoxin |
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Causes of pulsus paradoxus
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Cardiac tamponade
Pericarditis Obstructive sleep apnea Croup Asthma |
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What is the effect of handgrip on murmurs
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Handgrip = Increased afterload
Increased MVP, AR, VSD and MR Decreased AS, HCM |
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What factor influences the murmur of MVP
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Increased preload decreases murmur sound as it allows leaflets to return to a more normal anatomical arrangement
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Which mursmurs radiate
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Aortic stenosis --> radiates to carotids
Mitral regurg --> radiates to axilla Tricuspid regurg --> radiates to R sternal border |
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Characteristic of mitral and tricuspid regurg
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Holosystolic blowing high-pitched murmur
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Characteristic of aortic stenosis
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Crescendo-decresendo murmur with ejection click
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MVP murmur characteristics
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Late systolic murmur with Mid-systolic click
Cresendo - loudest at S2 |
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Causes of MVP
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Infective endocarditis, marfan's, myxomatous degeneration, rheumatic fever, chordae rupture, EHler's danlos
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Characteristic of Aortic Regurg
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Immediate high-pitch blowing descrendo disastolic murmur
Associated with wide pulse pressure, head bobbing, bounding pulse, water0hammer pulse (rapidly cllapsing pulase), pulsatile liver |
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Characteristic of mitral stenosis
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Opening snap following by delayd rumbling late diastolic murmur
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Which part of the conduction pathway has the fastest speed of conduction
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Purkinje >Atria >Ventricle >AV node
Purkinje is fastest so contraction occurs bottom up |
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What part of the conduction pathway has the fastest pacemarker speed
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SA> AV> Bundle of His/Purkinje
SA fastest so atria sets pace of heart rate for synchrony |
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What condition causes QRS prolongation
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Bundle branch block
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What is the typical pressure of different parts of the heart
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R atrium: <5
R ventricle: 25/5 Pulmonary artery: 25/10 L atrium: <12 L ventricle: 130/10 Aorta: 130/90 |
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AV fistula
1) SV 2) HR 3) CO 4) Diastolic BP 5) MAP 6) TPR 7) VEnous O2 content |
1) SV UP
2) HR UP 3) CO UP 4) Diastolic BP DOWN 5) MAP <> 6) TPR DOWN 7) VEnous O2 content UP |
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Main compensation in Aotic Stenosis
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Atrial Kick
- LV is hypertrophied and filling is impaired so reliant on atrial kick to continue increasing preload - A. fib is dangerous in severe AS because it prevents diastolic filling |
