Usmle - Vitamins

Front 1

vitamin A is also known as

Back 1

retinol

Front 2

vitamin B1 is also known as

Back 2

thiamine

Front 3

vitamin B2 is also known as

Back 3

riboflavin

Front 4

vitamin B3 is also known as

Back 4

niacin

Front 5

vitamin B5 is also known as

Back 5

pantothenate

Front 6

vitamin B6 is also known as

Back 6

pyridoxine

Front 7

vitamin B12 is also known as

Back 7

cobalamin

Front 8

deficiency in vitamin A causes (3)

Back 8

night blindness, dry skin, and impaired immune response

Front 9

function of vitamin A

Back 9

constituent of visual pigments (retinal).

Front 10

excess of vitamin A (6)

Back 10

arthralgias, fatigue, headaches, skin changes, sore throat, alopecia.

Front 11

deficiency of vitamin B1 causes (2)

Back 11

Beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Seen in alcoholism and malnutrition.

Front 12

function of vitamin B1

Back 12

In thiamine pyrophosphate, a cofactor for oxidative decarboxylation of a-keto acids (pyruvate, a-ketoglutarate) and a cofactor for transketolase in the HMP shunt.

Front 13

deficiency of vitamin B2 (3)

Back 13

angular stomatitis, cheilosis, corneal vascularization

Front 14

function of vitamin B2

Back 14

cofactor in oxidation and reduction (e.g. FADH2).

Front 15

deficiency in B3 (3)

Back 15

Pellagra can be caused by Hartnup disease (decrease in tryptophan absorption), malignant carcinoid syndrome (increase in tryptophan metabolism), and INH (decrease in vitamin B6).

Front 16

function of vitamin B3

Back 16

constituent of NAD+, NADP+ (used in redox reactions). Derived from tryptophan using vitamin B6.

Front 17

deficiency of vitamin B5

Back 17

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency.

Front 18

function of vitamin B5 (2)

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Constituent of CoA (a cofactor for acyl transfers) and component of fatty acid synthase.

Front 19

deficiency of vitamin B6 (3)

Back 19

Convulsions, hyperirritability (deficiency inducible by INH and oral contraceptives), peripheral neuropathy.

Front 20

function of vitamin B6 (1 main)

Back 20

converted to pyridoxal phosphate, a cofactor used in transamination (e.g., ALT and AST), decarboxylation, and heme synthesis.

Front 21

deficiency in vitamin B12 (3)

Back 21

Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia; neurologic symptoms (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, paresthesia); glossitis

Front 22

function of vitamin B12 (3)

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1) Cofactor for homocysteine methylation (transfers CH3 groups as methylcobalamin) and methylmalonyl-CoA handling.
2) Stored primarily in the liver
3) Synthesized only by microorganisms.

Front 23

What is dry beriberi

Back 23

polyneuritis, muscle wasting

Front 24

what is wet beriberi

Back 24

high-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy), edema

Front 25

3 symptoms of Pellagra

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Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia

Front 26

Vitamin B12 is only found in

Back 26

animal products

Front 27

Vitamin B12 deficiency is usually caused by (3)

Back 27

malabsorption (sprue, enteritis, Diphyllobothrium latum), lack of intrinsic factor (pernicious anemia), or absence of terminal ileum (Crohn's disease).

Front 28

What method is used to detect a deficiency in Vitamin B12

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Schilling test

Front 29

Abnormal myelin is seen in B12 deficiency possibly due to

Back 29

decrease in methionine or increase in methylmalonic acid (from metabolism of accumulated methylmalonyl-CoA).