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215 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly, (also high D dimer, CHF without JVD)
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Budd-Chiari syndrome
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Achilles tendon xanthoma
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Familial hypercholesterolemia
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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
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Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
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Marfan's (fibrillin defect)
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Athlete with polycythemia
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Erythropoietin injection
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Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
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Pott's (TB to the vertebrae)
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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Sarcoid
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Blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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Bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line - lead poisoning
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Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis, (also increased hat size, fracture, increased alk phos)
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Paget's
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Bounding pulses, diastolic hear murmur, head bobbing
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Aortic regurg
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Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules
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NF (1 = optic glimoas and pheo, 2 = acoustic Schwannomas)
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Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
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McCune-Albright syndome (G protein problem)
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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Cherry-red spot on macula
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Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick, central retinal artery occlusion
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Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler's (autoimmune post-MI)
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Child uses arms to stand up from squat
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Gower's sign (Duchenne's)
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Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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Slapped cheek - B19
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Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
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Huntington's
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Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps
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McArdle's (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
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Cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
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Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
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Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (MS or stroke)
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Continuous machinery heart murmur
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PDA
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to CT expansion
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Myxedema
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Dark purple skin / mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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Deep, labored breathing / hyperventilation
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Kussmaul breathing, DKA
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra (B3 / niacin deficiency)
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
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Wet beriberi (B1 / thiamine deficiency)
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Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
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Pasteurella multocida (local cellulitis)
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjogren's syndrome
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Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis (smooth tongue), iron deficiency anemia
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome
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Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
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Ehler-Danlos (type III collagen)
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Enlarged. hard left supraclavicular node
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VIrchow's node (abdominal met)
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Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
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Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma)
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
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Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
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Fat, female, fertile, forty
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Gallstones
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Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphillis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
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Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash, Koplick spots
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Measles
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B symptoms or TB
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Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
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Peyronie's disease
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Gout, MR, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
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Green-yellow rings around peripheral iris
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Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)
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Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth, feet and hands
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
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Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms, crinkled cytoplasm
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Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport's syndrome (type IV collagen)
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Hypercoagulability leading to thrombophlebitis
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Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
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Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala)
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HTN, hypoK, metabolic alkalosis
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Conn's (1* hyperaldosterone)
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Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
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Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis)
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Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
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Nonpainful = syphillis. Painful with exudate = chancroid
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Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
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Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency, no glycogenolysis) or Von Gierke's
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Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
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Edward's syndrome (Trisomy 18)
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Jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
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Charcot's triad (ascending cholangitis)
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Keratin pearls
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Large rash with bull's eye appearance
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Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme)
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Lucid interval after TBI
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Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery)
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Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
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Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
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Multiple colon polyps, osteomas / soft tissue tumors, impacted / supernumary teeth
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Gardner's syndrome
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing GN
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Wegner's (c-ANCA) and Goodpasture's (anti-GBM). Wegner's can also have upper airway involvement
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Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth. Possible clavicle fx, probably large for gestational age
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Erb-Duchenne palsy
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No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, also bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
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MS (Charcot's)
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Oscillating slow / fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes (central apnea from CHF or increased ICP)
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Painful blue fingers / toes, hemolytic anemia
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Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune from Mp or mono, from IgM)
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Painful, pale, cold fingers / toes
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Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm)
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Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
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Osler's node (infective endocarditis)
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Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
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Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
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Painless jaundice
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Cancer at head of pancreas obstructing bile duct
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Palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain in a child
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis)
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Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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MEN 1 (Wermer's)
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Pink complexion, dypnea, hyperventilation
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Pink puffer (emphysema)
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Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
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Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner's syndrome (usually with Pancoast tumor in apex of lung)
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Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
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Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascend, following GI infection
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
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Rash on palms and soles
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2* syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, coxsackie A
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Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Job's syndrome
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Red "current jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of the breast
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Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (C' mediated damage, lack of CD55/59)
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Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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von Hippel-Lindau diease
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Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile = cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance
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Pompe's disease (lysosomal glucosidase deficiency)
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Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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Severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconj hyper bilirubinemia)
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Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign
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Short stature, increased incidence of tumors / leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia (esp AML)
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Single palm crease
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Simian crease (Down's)
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Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
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Kartagener's syndrome (dynein)
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Skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's
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Slow progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Becker's muscular dystrophy
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Small, irregular red spots on buccal mucosa with blue-white centers
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Koplick spots (measles)
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Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
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Condylomata lata (2* syphilis)
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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Bacterial endocarditis
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Strawberry tongue
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Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, TSS
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Rusty sputum
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Strep pneumo
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Current jelly stool
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Intussesseption
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney
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Turner syndrome (X0, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy (vit C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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OA (osteophytes on PIP (Bouchard) and DIP (Heberden)
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Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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Aortic valve stenosis
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Thyroid (medullary) and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
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MEN 2A (Sipple)
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Toe extension / fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski (UMN lesion)
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Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII)
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Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with HLA B27)
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Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
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Hemangioma (benign, associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome, in which case it's V1 distribution)
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Vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin casuing glomerular thrombosis
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Shwartzman reaction (follows second exposure to endotoxin)
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Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
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Waxy casts with very low urine flow
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Chronic ESRD
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WBC casts in urine
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Acute pyelo
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Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii)
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Worst headache of my life
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USMLE Step 1 (or subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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Anticentromere antibodies
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Scleroderma (CREST)
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
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Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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AntiGBM antibodies
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Goodpasture's syndome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
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Antihistone antibodies
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Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
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Anti-IgG antibodies
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RA (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity) - IgM anti IgG
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Antimitochondrial antibodies
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1* biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
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Vasculitis (c-ANCA = Wegener's, p-ANCA = microscopic polyangiitis or Churg-Strauss syndrome)
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Antinuclear antibodies
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Antiplatelet antibodies
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP - bleeding diathesis)
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Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
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Diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
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Celiac (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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Auer rods (AML, esp promyelocytic type)
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Bamboo spine on X-ray
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Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA B27)
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Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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Basophilic stipplling of RBCs
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Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Boot-shaped heart on X-ray
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Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
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Branching gram + rods with sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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Pancoast tumor (can cause Horner's)
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Brown tumor of bone
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Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
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Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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Chocolate cyst of ovary
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Endometriosis (usually bilateral)
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Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer Wright rosettes (adrenal neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma)
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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
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CF
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis - lose proprioception (3* syphilis)
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson's
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Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
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Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes (HPV) "perrinuclear cytoplasmic clearing"
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Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
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Owl's eye appearance of CMV - Cowdry A bodies
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
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Orphan Annie nuclei, or "disbursed chromatin" (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
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Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Lewy body (Parkinson's)
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
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Rabies virus - negri bodies (Lyssavirus)
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
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Senile plaques (Alzheimer's)
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Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (Owl's eye)
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Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
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Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
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Hair-on-end (crewcut) appearance on X-ray
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"b-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis). ""Hair on end"" means marrow expansion (skull)
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hCG elevated
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Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole
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Heart nodules (inflammatory)
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Aschoff bodies = focal myocardial inflammation with giant cells (rheumatic fever)
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Heterophile antibodies
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Infectious mono (HBV). IgM that agglutinates sheep RBCs
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Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
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Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
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High level of D dimers
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DVT, PE, DIC, Budd-Chiari (D dimer is fibrin breakdown products)
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Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
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Ghon complex (1* TB)
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Honeycomb lung on X-ray
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Interstitial fibrosis
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Hypersegmented neutrophils
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Megaloblastic anemia (B12, folate deficiency)
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Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
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Increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid / maternal serum
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Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects), gastrocesis, omphalmocele
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Increased uric acid levels
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Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
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Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
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Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
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Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: risk of mesothelioma)
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Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
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Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
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Low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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Lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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Poststrep glomerulonephritis (IgG and C3b deposition)
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Lytic (punched-out) bone lesions on X-ray
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Multiple myeloma
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Mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Monoclonal antibody spike
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1. Multiple myeloma (M protein, IgG or IgA) 2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (aging) 3. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM) 4. Primary amyloidosis
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Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
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1. Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma, kappa or lambda light chains in urine) 2. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
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Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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String sign (Crohn's)
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Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
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Gout
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic)
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Nutmeg liver
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Chronic passive congestion of the liver due to right heart failure
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Onion-skin periosteal reaction
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Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
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Codman's triangle on X-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Podocyte fusion on EM
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Minimal change disease (child, nephrotic)
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Polished, ivory-like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (OA resulting in bony sclerosis)
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
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Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's and CJD)
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Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
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GBM (cells may be called "serpentine")
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RBC casts in urine
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
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Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
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Pseudogout
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Rib notching
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Coarctation of the aorta
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Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells (starry sky)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (t(8:14) c-myc, EBV)
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Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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Pick bodies
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Soap bubble in femur or tibia on X-ray
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Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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Spikes on basement membrane, dome-like endothelial deposits
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Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic)
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Stacks of RBCs
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Rouleax formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
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Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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Clue cells (Gardenella vaginalis)
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Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
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Bibeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
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Thrombi made of white/red layers
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Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
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Thumb sign on lateral X-ray
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Epiglossitis (H flu)
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Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
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Chronic bacterial pyelo
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Tram-track on LM
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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WBCs that look smudged
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CLL (almost always B cell, affects the elderly)
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Wire loop glomerular appearance on LM
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SLE nephropathy
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Yellow CSF
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Xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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brain cysts, seizures (parasite)
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Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
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liver cysts (parasite)
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Echinococcus granulosus
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B12 deficiency (parasite)
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Diphyllobothrium latum
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biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma (parasite)
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Clonorchis sinensis
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hemoptysis (parasite)
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Paragonimus westermani
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portal hypertension (parasite)
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Schistosoma mansoni
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hematuria, bladder cancer (parasite)
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Schistosoma haematobium
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microcytic anemia (parasite)
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Ancylostoma, Necator (hook worms)
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perianal pruritis (parasite)
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Enterobius
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