Usmle Syndromes And Diseases

Front 1

Kartagener's syndrome cause

Back 1

Defect in dynein (propellor of microtubules of cilia)

Front 2

Kartagener's syndrome signs

Back 2

Symptoms: Respiratory tract infections, sinusitis, bronchiectasis early in life, and infertility.

Front 3

Kartageners syndrome inheritance pattern

Back 3

Autosomal recessive

Front 4

Botulinism, MOA

Back 4

Botulinum toxin binds to presynaptic membrane of neuromuscular junction and prevents release of Ach.

Causes paralysis of affected muscle.

Front 5

Myasthenia gravis, MOA

Back 5

In myasthenia gravis there is antibodies to the nicotinic receptors of the neuromuscular junction, which causes muscle weakness.

Front 6

Which muscles are first/mainly affected by myasthenia gravis?

Back 6

The first weak muscles will be the ones innervated by cranial nerves such as the ocular muscles or the tounge.

The eye muscle weakness causes ptosis (drooping eyelid)

Front 7

Lambert Eaton syndrome MOA

Back 7

Antibodies to tumor proteins bind with presynaptic calcium channels and thereby prevent neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness similar to MG.

Front 8

Which muscles are mainly affected in the lambert eaton syndrome?

Back 8

The limbs, but unlike in myasthenia gravis, the muscles strength increases with sustained contraction.

Front 9

How does the neuronal damage of HIV occur?

Back 9

The HIV virus infects the microglial cells of the CNS and causes them to secrete cytokines which are toxic to neurons.