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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiratory Diverticulum or Laryngotracheal dierticula froms from
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ventral wall of foregut to make brocnial buds
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Tracheoesophageal septum divides the
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Foregut to
Esophagus and trachea |
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90% of TE fistulas occur in
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Distal thid of trachea
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TE fistulas associated with
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Esophageal atresia and polyhydramnios
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Adcucts vocal fold
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Lateral cricoarytenoid
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Posterior cricoarytenoid
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ABducts vocal fold
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cricothyroid
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tenses vocal fold
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thryroarytenoid
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relaxes vocal fold
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Cricothyroid is innervated by
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EXTERNAL laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal of VAGUS)
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Intrinsic laryngeal muscles are supplied by
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Recurrent branch of vagus nerve
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Space occupied by lingula of left lung during inspiration
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costomediastinal recess
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right lobe has
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oblique and horizontal fissures.
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Superficial drainage of Lungs
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Bronchopulmonary nodes
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drains to
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tracheobronchial nodes
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Know lung volumes
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page 261
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Muscles of Inspiration
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Diagphragm,
External Intercostals (up and out) Accessory muscles (1,2, ribs and sternum) |
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Muscles of Expriation
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Passive (during quiet breathing)
Abdomnal muscles Internal intercostal muscles (ribs downward and inward) |
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Compliance =
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Distensibility of Lungs
v/P |
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Increased compliance
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Emphysema
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Decreased COmpliance
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Fibrosis, RSD
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Pneumothroax
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PIP (intrapleural pressuer) becomes 0mm Hg and lungs collapse while chest wall expands
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Laplace concept
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liquid molecutes are stronge than liquid and gas, creating a collapsing pressure
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Laplace Law
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P= 2T/r
t: surface tension r= radius of alveoli |
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Atelectasis
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Smaller alveoli tend to collapse
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Surfactant produced by Type II cells
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Increases compliance
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Airflow equation
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Q=P/R
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Airway Resistance
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R= 8nl/ TT r^4
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Differnce between Obstructive and REstrictive is
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FVC and TLC
In Obstrucitve If TLC: High, FVC= Low all other values aer high Restrictive=Low If TLC: Low, FVC low |
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Perfusion limited gases
(equilibraie between alveolar gas and pulmonary cap) |
O2, N2O, and CO2
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Diffusion limited gases
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Fibrosis, emphysema, exercise, low O2 gas mixture
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Pulmonary diffusing capacity measured by
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CO
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Oxygen Transport Curve
SHIFT TO RIGHT |
Increase in Temp
Increase PCO2 Exercise LOW PH HIGH DPG |
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SHIFT TO LEFT
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LOW TEMP
LOW PCO2 LOW DPG HIGH PH CO POISONING |
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Shift to Right facilitates
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unloading.
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LOWEST AT APEX
HIGH AT BASE |
Blood Flow
Ventilation |
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Generates breathing rhythm and expiratory center
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Medulla
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Apneustic center (prolonged inspiration)
Pneumotaxic center (Terminated inspiration) regulated by |
POns which regulated medulla
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High altitude causes a
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Right shift
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Capsule, IGA protease
Gram +, Catalase - |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Treatment for Strep, pneumoniae
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Penicillin
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Gram - rod, chococlate agar
Bacteria and Treatment |
H. influenza
Amoxiciliin |
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B lactamase producer.
Gram - coccus |
Moraxella catarrhalis
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M. catarrhalis
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Treat with Ceftriaxone
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Gram + yeast, germ tube test
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Candida albicans
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Treatment of Candida albicans
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Nystatin, miconazole
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Rapid antigen test, Gram +, catalase - coccus, B-hemolytic
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Strep pyogenes
Treat with Penicillin |
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Heterophile +, Downey Type II cells. attaches on CD 21
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EBV
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Inactivates EF-2.
Gram + non motile, ELEK teswt |
Corneybacterium diptheriae
Treatment with Penicllin |
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Gram +, Cat + Coagulase +
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staph. aureus.
B-lactamase penicillin |
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Gram - rod
Urease + |
Proteus
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Polyribitol phosphate capsue. IGA protease, Gram - rod, rRequires hemin and NAD
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H. influenza
Treatment: ceftriaxone |
