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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hyponatremia - Hypervolemic
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Ex includes cirrhosis or CHF
Treatment w/salt/fluid restriction and diuretics. Note that diuretics alone will cause salt retention. |
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Elect D/O occurs in DKA 2' to poor PO intake, exogenous insulin; SX of diffuse muscle pains
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Hypophosphatemia - insulin drives potassium and phosphate intracellularly
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Tetany, weakness, prolonged QT
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Hypocalcemia (can also be hypomagnesia)
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Cramping following correction of hyperkalemia
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Hypokalemia
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Vitamin A def
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Night blindness, hyperkeratotic skin, conjunctival dryness, corneal ulceration and necrosis. Common in patients with malabsorption or proteinuria, liver dz, alcoholics, TPN.
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Niacin def
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= Pellagra = Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis. Occurs in africa if sole intake is corn
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B1 / Thiamine def
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= Beri-beri, high output cardiac failure, CNS disturbances (Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome). Nystagmus, ataxia, confabulation, retrograde amnesia
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B12
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Megaloblastic anemia, peripheral neuropathy (Subacute combined degeneration = patchy loss of myelin in dorsal and lateral columns --> weakness of legs, arms,tingling, etc; positive babinski)
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Vit C def
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Scurvy - easy bruising, perifollicular hemorrhages, purpura, poor wound healing, bone lesions, emotional changes.
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Hyperaldosteronism, aka?
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Conn syndrome - findings of unexplained hypertension, hypokalemia, hypernatremia. Mild metabolic alkalosis may be present. DIAGNOSE w/ ratio of serum aldosterone to plasma renin activity.
1' hyperaldosteronism (aldosterone secreting tumor, the aldosterone is high, and plasma renin is low - ratio of greater than 30 strongly suggests hyperaldosteronism w/ 90% sensitivity). |
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Thiazides cause.....
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Hyperuricemia (impairs uric acid excretion). Hypokalemia, increased cholesterol, glucose,
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DM1 prior to surgery
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1/3 - 1/2 normal insulin dose (else risk ketosis)
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