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163 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what does dermatitis pellagra look like
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sunburn
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riboflavin deficiency clue
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cheilosis
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RA + Enlarged Liver + Palpable Kidneys
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---> think Amyloidosis
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Tx for GBSro
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IVIG and plasmapheresis
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pseudotumor cerebri vs normal pressure hydrocephalus
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PTC = young obese females with headaches; shrunken ventricles on MRI
NPH = Elderly, incontinence, dementia, ataxia; dilated ventricles on MRI |
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Chemotheraputic pt with non-colicky burning pain that radiates to back
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think VZV
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Gallstones on CG
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cannot see gallstones because they are isodense with bile
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Fanconi's Anemia:
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XL loss of DNA repair genes --> chromosomal breaks
Bones: aplastic anemia or progressive failure Appearance: short, microcpehalic, abnormal thumbs, hypogonadal Skin: dark or light spotting, cafe au laits, large freckles Eyes: stabismus, low set ears, middle ear abnormalities (hemorrhage, infxns, deafnesss) |
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Contrads to breast Feeding:
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Inborn Metabolic Errors;
Herpes simplex, TB, and HIV mom is taking radioactive meds, antimetabolites, or chemotheraputics, or drugs |
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Types of Shock vs Normal:
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Hypovolemic Shock: Systemic Vascular Resistance is Up, Mixed Venous O2 is down, preload and PCWP are down
Cardiogenic Shock: Systemic Vascualr Resistance is Up, Mixed O2 sat is down, preload and PCWP are up Septic: Systemic Vascualr Resistance is DOWN, Mixed O2 venous sat is UP |
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Overal Probabiliyt of CAD: (Pretest)
what next?1 |
Low: aSx, atypical chest pain in women <50 yo
Intermeediate: atpyical pain in all men, or atypical pain in women >50, typical pain in women 30-50 High: Typical Pain ina ll men >40, all women >60 Pretest prob is low: no further test Pretest prob is high: start tx & get angio Pretest prob is intermediate: Stress test or Rx Test if they can't, if positive get angio |
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Post-URI nephropathy
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IgA or post-streptococcal;
IgA is most common cause of glomerulonephritis in adults NB latent period for step --> nephritis is 20 days with pharyngitis and 20 days with impetigo latent period with IgA is 5d |
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MCC: colonic hemorrhage
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diverticulosis
angiodysplasia causes bleeding, not MCC for hemorrhage |
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pasturella multocida`
source, org, tx |
is cat bites is anaerobe responds to augmentin
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mild grade hepatitis C,
tx |
monotherapy of interferon is okay
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cardiogenic shock:
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not just heart, but implies specifically the contractility of the LV
ie afib is not cardiogenic shock, you wouln't have cardiogenic shock just because you have diastolic failure. |
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Thrombocytopenia + Eczema + Hx Multiple Bacterial Infx
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= Wiskott Aldrick Sro:
Step pneumo, N meninigitidis, H influ; MCManifestation = Thrmobocytopenia <50k, with small low volume platelets XL disorder |
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Woman complains of bloating, HA, fatigue, decreased libido for a week each month
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--> keep a menstrual diary because you need at least 3 cycles to confirm dx of PMS
Tx: reduce caffeine, exercise, if fail --> SSRI's; failure --> alprazolam do not initiate tx until dx has been made |
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Complex Partial Seizure vs Absance Sz
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Any ictal --> CPSz
inability to procude 3Hz spike on EEG with hyperventilation --> Absance Juvenile myoclonic epislepsy: myoclonic jerks which occur in morning precipitated by sleep deprivation |
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Lennox Gastaut sro
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childhood szs, impaired cognition, slow wpike & wave activity on EEG
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cause of alkalotic carpopedal spasm:
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calcium dissociates from albumin in high pH to become ionized & active
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Otherwise healthy pt with anasarca: blood not proteins in urine
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think decreased GFR from glomerulonephritis --> volume overload
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gestational diabetes babies: metabolic disturbances
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hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia (parathyroid hormone suppression)
hyperviscocity of polycythemia 2/2 increased metabolic demands induced by hyperglycemia hypoplastic lungs cariomypoathy/CHF |
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Lady with HSV is in Labor
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Lady with HSV is in Labor
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Pregger with HSV is not in Labor
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--> Tx with antivirals
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+FTA-ABS pregger is allergic to PCNs
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skin test to see if they actually do ---> PCN desensitization
Nothing else both works & crosses the placenta & is not harmful to baby |
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Non-anion gap met acidosis think RTA
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Type4 = aldosterone defeiicency/insensitivity; often seen in diabetics
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Retinitis of HIV
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caused by HIV or VZV reactivation assoc with keratitis/conjuncitvitis
HSV is rapidly progressive and painful - fundoscopically central necrosis of retina CMV retinitis is painless; fluffy granular retinal lesions & hemorrhages; not asscated with conjuncitivits or keratitis |
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important causes of Rx induced interstitial nephritis:
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Sulfas, PCNs, Cephalosporins, Rifampin, Trimethorprim, NSAIDs, Diruetics, Captopril
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Most common site of Axial spine involvement in RA
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Axial spine involvement is rare, but most likely in C1-C2 instability & subluxation
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difference between Renin Secreting Tumor & Bartter Sro:
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[Na], high in tumor, normal in Bartter
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polyarthralgia, fever, discrete pustules on extensor surfaces
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disseminated gonococci; arthralgias are not septic necessarily
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abdominal pain, neuropsych abnormalities
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think acute intermittent porphyria
exacerbated by barbituates & etoh (primidone is an anticonvulsant which metz into a barbituate) |
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asbestosis is far more likely to cause
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bronchogenic carcinoma than mesothelioma
but asbestos is the only known risk factor for mesothelioma |
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expected weight gain from OCPs
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none
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contras to beta blockers from actute MI
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contraindicated if pulmonary edema
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MI with Pulm Edema
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Aspirin, Morphine, O2, and FUROSEMIDE
Beta Blockers are conrad if Pulm Edema Furosemide reduces preload & venodilates |
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diabetic loses vision over course of 1 week
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think HHSro with hyperosmolarity of glucose in lens
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monotherapy for acute migrain attacks
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IV antiimetics can be used as monotherapy for acute migrain attacks:
chlorpromazine, prochlorpromazine, metoclopramide |
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intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy:
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south american women, intesne pruritis esp on palms & soles
dx of exclusion resolves with delivery, risks for fetus (meconium stained amniotic fluid, intrauterine demise) tx: ursodeoxycholic acid (increases bile flow); early delivery for fetus |
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7MCC: 2* Amenorrhea
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MCCPregnancy
Ovarian: PCOS, Ovarian Failure Hypothalamic: Stress, Ca, GnRH deficiency Pti: prolactinoma, empty sella sro Endocrine: hypo/hyperthyroid, DM Uterine: asherman sro (intrauterine adhesions) |
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Rubella vs Measels
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Rubella looks just like Measles except for the posterior auricular lymphadenomathy
Infecious: 1 week before rash, 2 weeks after onset of rash. |
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Triacylglyceride levels & Tx:
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Tx dictated by total cardiovascular risk
<500 & risk --> statin >500 & risk --> fibrate |
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pt with back pain cannot urinate, has good sphincter tone
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severe pain --> unable to perform vaslava to overcome BPH
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GI bleed + Cirrhosis
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--> blood in intestine preciptiates hepatic encphealopathy, not necessarily chronic
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what is
methylphenidate |
methamphatamine
|
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what is
pimozide |
traditional antipsychotic
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Tourette Sro: which antipsychotics
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tpyical, like pimozide
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Definitively diagnosing DJ vs Rotor
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urinary coproporphyrin #1 increased >50% in DJ, normally #3 is majority.
DJ will tend to be Jewish. |
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placental abruption mom or baby is unstable
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get the baby out fast as possible.
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wencheback =
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mobitz type 1 = progressively extending pr intervalwith dropped beats = AV node dysfnx
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DPL is reserved for
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stable patients with blunt trauma
skip it in unstable pts and penetrating trauma pts. |
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trastuzumab use & toxicity
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use: HER2/neu Breast Ca
toxicity: cardiac |
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Rx: cachectic pt with anorexia
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megestrol or medroxyprogesterone (progestins)
corticosteroids also helpful, but progestins have milder side effects |
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hospitalized pt with PID
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cefoxitin, cefotetan/doxycycline, or clind/gent.
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no improvement 72 h after starting organism susceptible antibiotic for pyelo
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--> US for complixn/pathology (stone, abscess)
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Tension Pneumo:
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NEEDLE first, then tube
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hyperemesis gravidum:
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could be molar always -->test bHCG in molar will be >100k
should resolve on own by mid-pregnancy |
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pre-eclamptic pt in labor has depressed DTRs
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Mg toxicity, followed by respiratory depression
tx: dc Mg, admin Ca2+ gluconate |
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painless oral ulcers, arthritis, hematologic abnormalities (thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia), proteinuria, RBC casts
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RA will not have oral ulcers or renal dz
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Type of Nephropathy which leads to renal vein thrombosis:
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membranous glomerulonephritis most associaed with RVT
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Oral Tx for Endocarditis
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You cannot treat endocarditis with ORALs
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water bottle heart
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pericardial effusion
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Tx regiment: Chronic HepC with normal liver enzymes
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no tx, yearly liver tests.
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Fight Bite Infx Tx
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Augmentin
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when doi you use octerotide for liver failure
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with midodrine in hepatorenal sro
SLE |
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Hereditary Spherocytosis Pts get
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Folate supplements
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baclofen:
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muscle relaxant for UMN sx
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CHF vs COPD exacerbations
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CHF will be crackles and alkalosis
COPD exacerbation will be wheezes and acidosis |
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dilute urine in presence of high serum osmols
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--> DI
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hypothyroid myopathy
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is a thing
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hepatic vein thrombosis + hemolytic anemia
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Think paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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clind hits
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positives & anaerobes
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multiple nontender lesions on penis turn white with acetic acid
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?
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variable endothoracic upper airway obstruction
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tx for meningococcal meningitis is ceftriaxone
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donepazil is for what?
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d
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linear atelectasis on CXR suggests
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bronchiectasis
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MCC: Congenital hypothyroidism
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thyroid dysgenesis
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Start Ganciclovir at what CD4 count
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Ganciclovir not currently recommended for prophlaxis in HIV
at <50 you prophylact vs MAC |
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at <50 you prophylact vs
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at <50 you prophylact vs MAC
Ganciclovir not currently recommended for prophlaxis in HIV |
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Trauma Pt
Elevated PCWP 2/2 NS Bolus with Hypotension |
Think Myocardial Contusion
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ABO incompatibility with baby
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--> mild hemolytic disease of newborns;
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Medial Medullary Lesion
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occlusion of vertebral artery;
contralateral paralysis, contralateral loss of tactile, vibratory ^& positional sense, tongue deviated to injured side. |
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Lateral Midpontine Lesion
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impaired sensory & motor function of CNV with limb ataxia
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Medial Pontine Lesion:
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Ipsilateral Limb Ataxia & Contralateral Eye deviation, paralysis of face, arm & leg +/- imparied touch & position sense
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Lateral Medullary Lesion
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: Wallenberg Sero: ipsilateral horner sro, loss of pain & temp to face, weakness of palate, pharynx & vocal cords, cerebellar ataxia; loss of pain & temp from contralateral side
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Central Midbraine Lesion
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Oculomotor paresis & other CN3, cerebellar ataxia & contralateral hemiplegaia.
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Weber's sro, Benedikit's Sro, Claude's Ssro, Nothnagel's Sro, parinaud's Sro.
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?
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MCC: left sided subacute infective endocarditis
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mitral valve PROLAPSE.
MITRAL STENOSIS IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOCARDITIS. |
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DOC: gonococcal vs chlamydial conjunctivitis
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gonococcal: ceftriaxone, chlamydiral: oral erythromycin
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Most influential factor for reducing limb amputation with Chorionic Villous Sampling:
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Gestational Age of Fetus
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Cauda Equina Sro is compression of the
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NERVE ROOTS not spinal cord. It's a ton of LMN sx.
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nitrates vs Leukocyte esterase
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Nitrates: enterobacteriaceae
LE: PMN's |
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Recent Unilateral Vision Loss, You Suspect Temporal Arteritis, Course of Action:
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High Dose Prednisone. You can definitively dx later.
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What is the main problem you can run into with post-term pregnancies:
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oligohydramnios; defined as no vertical pocket of fluid >2cm or an AFI of 5cm or less
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The 3 types of Renal Tubular Acidosis
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have fun with that
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Tx Thalassemias
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Thalasemias Do not Respond to Iron Treatment
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Beta vs Alpha Thals
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only real difference is that beta thalassemia has elevated HgA2 on electrophoresis, whereas alpha looks normal
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Abdominal Trauma Pt sent home, cleared by CT, returns in fever, chills, & abdominal pain
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--> missed pancreatic lac--> pseudocyst --> abscess
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lichen sclorisis et atrophicus
course of action |
any lady with lichen sclorisis et atrophicus has a higher risk of cancer so you punch bx that **** vs squamous cell carcinoma
non-Ca tx = topical corticosteroid (it's autoimmune) |
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Empiric Tx for Endometritis
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Clind + Gent
Clind vs anaerobes & positives, Gent vs negs. |
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Steatorrhea + 1/2 h of pain with every meal
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--> sounds like chronic pancreatitis
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WPW + Afib-->
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convert to sinus with procainamide; do not slow AV Node
slow AV node --> accessory pathway --> vfib |
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Of all the pulmonary renal sros which requires emergent plasmapheresis
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goodpasture requires emergent plasmapheresis
wegeners is treated with cyclophosphamide & steroids |
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Young risk-less pt has a fluid filled cyst which you aspirate & completely collapse
course of action |
foul smelling or bloodly -> cytology
clear fluid --> observe for 4 weeks |
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Rx for CLL
Rx for NHL: Rx for Hairy Cell: |
Rx for CLL
Chlorambucil Rx for NHL: CHOP Rx for Hairy Cell: CLadribine |
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MCC Constrictive Carditis in Mexico
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TB
|
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Step 1 in aSx SIADH:
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fluid restriction
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DOC: impetigo:
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mild: topical mupirocin or erythromycin
severe: diclox, amox, cephalexin |
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Anteiror, Middle, Posterior MEdiastinum
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Broncogenic cysts occur in middle mediastinum
thymomoa usually found in anterior mediastinum neurogenic tumors all in posterior mediastinum |
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baby has noisy breathing (inspiratory only) when on back, improves when sitting up, chin up
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laryngomalacia
epiglottis rolls from side to side on direct laryngoscopy is diagnostic most children improve gradually, healty by 2 years old in the mean time, child should be in upright postiion for 30 min after each feeding & never fed lying down. |
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Neoadjuvant vs Salvage vs Consolidation vs maintenance cancer intervention
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Maintenence: keep cancer in remissino
neoadjuvant: given before standard therapy for a disease, ie radiation to reduce size Induction: rapidly kill tumor cells & send pt into remission (=<5% tumor buburden) cosolidation: after induction to further reduce burden adjuvent: given in addition to standard therapy at same time as standard therapy salvage: given in addition to standard therapy when standard therapy has failed |
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actinomycies israeli response to
|
IV PCN
|
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diagnostic requirement of schizoaffective disorder:
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psychosis + mood disturbances, with at least 2 weeks of psychotic sx without mood sx
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greatest risk factor for variant angina, tx
|
ie prinzmetal = smoking
tx: CCBs & Nitrates to prevent vasoconstrixn |
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SCID vs Common Varibale ID vs Brutons vs WAS
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SCID: absent LNS & tonsils, lymphopenia, absent thymic shadow, few NK's, Ts & Bs'
CVID: acquired hypogammagloulinemia: young adults with decreases in Ig's & no change in T's or # of B's Brutons is few #B's & almost no Ig's Wisckott Ladrich: XLR, bleeding, atopy & low Ig's. |
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Sarcoid CXR
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they may not say "hilar lymphadenopathy" with sarcoid, could just be "diffuse interstitial infiltrates"
|
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CIN2 Lesion sp LEEP
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Pap + Cytology q6mo until 3 negatives, then to normal cancer screening
|
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MM Tetrad:
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CRAB: Hypercalcemia, Renal Impairment, Anemia, Bone problems,
|
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Beckwith-Widemann Sro:
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hypotonia, macrosomia, microcephaly with Macroglossia, Visceromegaly (Omphalocele), Hyperinulinemia/Hypoglycemia
11p duplication, IGF2 overexpression prominent occipute & eyes Risks: Wilms' tumor, hepatoblastoma, gonadopblastoma |
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Beckwith Widermann S vs Congenital Hypothyroidism:
|
appear very similar:
hypotonia, macroglossia, ; no hypoglycemia/hyperinsulinemia; umbilical hernia instead of omphalocele macrocephaly not microcephaly |
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Infant of a Diabetic Mother Risk
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Caudal Regression, Transposition of Greats, Duodenal Atresia, Small Left Colon, Anencephaly/NTDs
|
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WAGR:
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Wilm's Tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary Anomaly, mental Retardation; Chrom 11 deletion, incl WT1 & PAX6
|
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Denys-Drash:
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Male pseudohermaphrodism, early onset renal failure 2/2 mesangial sclerosis
|
|
EKG signs of paroxysmal bradyarrhymias:
|
prolonged PR, prolonged QRS (BBB)
|
|
TX: SCFE
|
= Immediate Surgical Screw Fixation
|
|
elyte imbalance with SAH:
|
"Cerebral Salt Wasting" Hyponatremia: combination of SIADH & increased Brain Natriuretic Peptide
|
|
Empiric Tx of Meningitis:
|
community acquired bacterial: Vanc + Ceftriaxone = S pneumonia, H influ, N meningitidis
add Amp to cover Listeria in over 55, immunocomped IV cefotaxime + amp = <3yo. Cefotaxime covers the 3 community acquired & amp covers Listeria (replaced with Van & ceftriaxone in older because of biliary sludging) IV ceftazidime + vanc for Hospital Acuired to cover Staph & Pseudomonas |
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Amantadine
|
Amantadine is for Parkinsons
|
|
inhibin and Downs
|
?
|
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coup kiddo needs in respiratory failure
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always give a trial of epi in croup before intubation
|
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pre-schooler with unilteral fluctuant cervical lymphadenopathy
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--> staph aureus
|
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nephrotic sro: dense C3 deposits within basement membrane, no Ig's
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--> membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 2 "dense deposit dz" caused by IgG antibodies directed against C3 convertase --> lead to persistent activation of complement & C3 deposition.
|
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pt has weight loss, hyperglycemia, & rash
|
rash is necrotiszing dermatitis, this is classic triad of glycacongoma
dx: CT, fasting glucose& glucagon, tx: surgical excision |
|
how long before veganism catches up to your B12 stores
|
5 years
the shiny tongue of b12 deficiency is because of the atrophic gastritis not the deficiency? |
|
pregnant urine culture when
|
pregnant urine culture only btw 12 & 16 wks
|
|
Parkinsons Rx's which cause
what SE's |
hallucinations - DA agonists
choreiform dyskinesa: COMT inhibitors (entacapone, tolcapone) Levido reticularis: amantadine urinary retention: anticholinergics (benztropine) |
|
systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur at left sternal border without carotid radiation
|
HCOM
|
|
glasgow coma scale
|
x
|
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estrogen replacement & thyroid fnx
|
increases thyroid hormone metzm rate
|
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alpha naphtyl esterase positive
|
acute monocytic leukemia (FABM5) - gingival hyperplasia & bleeding gums
|
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alcohol abuse --> megaloblastic anemia
|
folate
|
|
what does renin actually do (molecularly)
|
cleaves angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1
|
|
neonate has a hydrocele:
|
most will resolve spontaneously by 1 year; surgical intervention thereafter to prevent inguinal hernia.
|
|
Pt has MGUS
|
do a skeletal bone radiorgaphy survey
|
|
confirm the dx of aortic dissection:
|
esophageal echo
|
|
lgsil:
|
premenopausal: colp & bx
post: choices |
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hypothalamic - pituitary failure (hypothyroidism) can occur with cirrhosis
|
yep
|
|
2 risk factors for CAD
|
goal is 130 initiate therapy for >160 if 10%, for >130 if 10-20%
|
|
why is NaHCO3 good for TCA OD?
|
Na load alleviates action of TCA on Na channels, alkalinization of serum decreases TCA affinity for Na Channels
should admin if QRS>0.10 |
|
All torchs
|
Toxoplasma, Rubeela, CMV, HSV, Syphillis
create HSM, microcephaly, chorioretinitis, thrombocytopenia, deafness |
|
Things which prevent confounding
|
randomization vs confounding
restriction & matching also vs confounding |
|
when to give ca gluconate
|
K>6.5, EKG changes, muscular paralysis
else just stop offending causes |
|
HIV retinitis vs CMV retinitis
|
CMV: yellow, HIV: cotton wool
|
|
MCC: metal contact dermatitis
|
nickel
|
|
HIV pt with lung infx CD4 at 400:
|
Pneumoccocus is most common for typical pneumonia
PCP: dry cough & dyspnea |
|
Tx: Social Phobia
|
Assertiveness Training & SSRI (apparently not Beta Blocker)
|
|
3 beta hydroxylase deficiency
|
decreased testosterone & mineralcorticoids --> DHEA-S excess
|
|
21 beta hydroxylase deficiency vs 11
|
21 beta hydroxylase deficiency more common than 11;
21 can be complete (neonatal) or incomplete (puberty) |
|
Thyroid Panel in Pregnancy
|
in pregnancy an increase in estrogen leads to an increase in TBG, results in an increase in T3 and T4 with normal activity and normal TSH
|
|
to diagnose endometriosis
|
you need to go in laproscopically
no imaging method can adequately distinguish soft ts vs soft ts. |
|
anti-smooth muscle antibodies
|
autoimmune hepatitis
|
|
qid 2285 for awesome neurologic dysnfx
|
indeed
|