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163 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what does dermatitis pellagra look like
sunburn
riboflavin deficiency clue
cheilosis
RA + Enlarged Liver + Palpable Kidneys
---> think Amyloidosis
Tx for GBSro
IVIG and plasmapheresis
pseudotumor cerebri vs normal pressure hydrocephalus
PTC = young obese females with headaches; shrunken ventricles on MRI
NPH = Elderly, incontinence, dementia, ataxia; dilated ventricles on MRI
Chemotheraputic pt with non-colicky burning pain that radiates to back
think VZV
Gallstones on CG
cannot see gallstones because they are isodense with bile
Fanconi's Anemia:
XL loss of DNA repair genes --> chromosomal breaks
Bones: aplastic anemia or progressive failure
Appearance: short, microcpehalic, abnormal thumbs, hypogonadal
Skin: dark or light spotting, cafe au laits, large freckles
Eyes: stabismus, low set ears, middle ear abnormalities (hemorrhage, infxns, deafnesss)
Contrads to breast Feeding:
Inborn Metabolic Errors;
Herpes simplex, TB, and HIV
mom is taking radioactive meds, antimetabolites, or chemotheraputics, or drugs
Types of Shock vs Normal:
Hypovolemic Shock: Systemic Vascular Resistance is Up, Mixed Venous O2 is down, preload and PCWP are down
Cardiogenic Shock: Systemic Vascualr Resistance is Up, Mixed O2 sat is down, preload and PCWP are up
Septic: Systemic Vascualr Resistance is DOWN, Mixed O2 venous sat is UP
Overal Probabiliyt of CAD: (Pretest)
what next?1
Low: aSx, atypical chest pain in women <50 yo
Intermeediate: atpyical pain in all men, or atypical pain in women >50, typical pain in women 30-50
High: Typical Pain ina ll men >40, all women >60
Pretest prob is low: no further test
Pretest prob is high: start tx & get angio
Pretest prob is intermediate: Stress test or Rx Test if they can't, if positive get angio
Post-URI nephropathy
IgA or post-streptococcal;
IgA is most common cause of glomerulonephritis in adults
NB latent period for step --> nephritis is 20 days with pharyngitis and 20 days with impetigo
latent period with IgA is 5d
MCC: colonic hemorrhage
diverticulosis
angiodysplasia causes bleeding, not MCC for hemorrhage
pasturella multocida`
source, org, tx
is cat bites is anaerobe responds to augmentin
mild grade hepatitis C,
tx
monotherapy of interferon is okay
cardiogenic shock:
not just heart, but implies specifically the contractility of the LV
ie afib is not cardiogenic shock, you wouln't have cardiogenic shock just because you have diastolic failure.
Thrombocytopenia + Eczema + Hx Multiple Bacterial Infx
= Wiskott Aldrick Sro:
Step pneumo, N meninigitidis, H influ;
MCManifestation = Thrmobocytopenia <50k, with small low volume platelets
XL disorder
Woman complains of bloating, HA, fatigue, decreased libido for a week each month
--> keep a menstrual diary because you need at least 3 cycles to confirm dx of PMS
Tx: reduce caffeine, exercise, if fail --> SSRI's; failure --> alprazolam
do not initiate tx until dx has been made
Complex Partial Seizure vs Absance Sz
Any ictal --> CPSz
inability to procude 3Hz spike on EEG with hyperventilation --> Absance
Juvenile myoclonic epislepsy: myoclonic jerks which occur in morning precipitated by sleep deprivation
Lennox Gastaut sro
childhood szs, impaired cognition, slow wpike & wave activity on EEG
cause of alkalotic carpopedal spasm:
calcium dissociates from albumin in high pH to become ionized & active
Otherwise healthy pt with anasarca: blood not proteins in urine
think decreased GFR from glomerulonephritis --> volume overload
gestational diabetes babies: metabolic disturbances
hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia (parathyroid hormone suppression)
hyperviscocity of polycythemia 2/2 increased metabolic demands induced by hyperglycemia
hypoplastic lungs
cariomypoathy/CHF
Lady with HSV is in Labor
Lady with HSV is in Labor
Pregger with HSV is not in Labor
--> Tx with antivirals
+FTA-ABS pregger is allergic to PCNs
skin test to see if they actually do ---> PCN desensitization
Nothing else both works & crosses the placenta & is not harmful to baby
Non-anion gap met acidosis think RTA
Type4 = aldosterone defeiicency/insensitivity; often seen in diabetics
Retinitis of HIV
caused by HIV or VZV reactivation assoc with keratitis/conjuncitvitis
HSV is rapidly progressive and painful - fundoscopically central necrosis of retina
CMV retinitis is painless; fluffy granular retinal lesions & hemorrhages; not asscated with conjuncitivits or keratitis
important causes of Rx induced interstitial nephritis:
Sulfas, PCNs, Cephalosporins, Rifampin, Trimethorprim, NSAIDs, Diruetics, Captopril
Most common site of Axial spine involvement in RA
Axial spine involvement is rare, but most likely in C1-C2 instability & subluxation
difference between Renin Secreting Tumor & Bartter Sro:
[Na], high in tumor, normal in Bartter
polyarthralgia, fever, discrete pustules on extensor surfaces
disseminated gonococci; arthralgias are not septic necessarily
abdominal pain, neuropsych abnormalities
think acute intermittent porphyria
exacerbated by barbituates & etoh (primidone is an anticonvulsant which metz into a barbituate)
asbestosis is far more likely to cause
bronchogenic carcinoma than mesothelioma
but asbestos is the only known risk factor for mesothelioma
expected weight gain from OCPs
none
contras to beta blockers from actute MI
contraindicated if pulmonary edema
MI with Pulm Edema
Aspirin, Morphine, O2, and FUROSEMIDE
Beta Blockers are conrad if Pulm Edema
Furosemide reduces preload & venodilates
diabetic loses vision over course of 1 week
think HHSro with hyperosmolarity of glucose in lens
monotherapy for acute migrain attacks
IV antiimetics can be used as monotherapy for acute migrain attacks:
chlorpromazine, prochlorpromazine, metoclopramide
intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy:
south american women, intesne pruritis esp on palms & soles
dx of exclusion
resolves with delivery, risks for fetus (meconium stained amniotic fluid, intrauterine demise)
tx: ursodeoxycholic acid (increases bile flow); early delivery for fetus
7MCC: 2* Amenorrhea
MCCPregnancy
Ovarian: PCOS, Ovarian Failure
Hypothalamic: Stress, Ca, GnRH deficiency
Pti: prolactinoma, empty sella sro
Endocrine: hypo/hyperthyroid, DM
Uterine: asherman sro (intrauterine adhesions)
Rubella vs Measels
Rubella looks just like Measles except for the posterior auricular lymphadenomathy
Infecious: 1 week before rash, 2 weeks after onset of rash.
Triacylglyceride levels & Tx:
Tx dictated by total cardiovascular risk
<500 & risk --> statin
>500 & risk --> fibrate
pt with back pain cannot urinate, has good sphincter tone
severe pain --> unable to perform vaslava to overcome BPH
GI bleed + Cirrhosis
--> blood in intestine preciptiates hepatic encphealopathy, not necessarily chronic
what is
methylphenidate
methamphatamine
what is
pimozide
traditional antipsychotic
Tourette Sro: which antipsychotics
tpyical, like pimozide
Definitively diagnosing DJ vs Rotor
urinary coproporphyrin #1 increased >50% in DJ, normally #3 is majority.
DJ will tend to be Jewish.
placental abruption mom or baby is unstable
get the baby out fast as possible.
wencheback =
mobitz type 1 = progressively extending pr intervalwith dropped beats = AV node dysfnx
DPL is reserved for
stable patients with blunt trauma
skip it in unstable pts and penetrating trauma pts.
trastuzumab use & toxicity
use: HER2/neu Breast Ca
toxicity: cardiac
Rx: cachectic pt with anorexia
megestrol or medroxyprogesterone (progestins)
corticosteroids also helpful, but progestins have milder side effects
hospitalized pt with PID
cefoxitin, cefotetan/doxycycline, or clind/gent.
no improvement 72 h after starting organism susceptible antibiotic for pyelo
--> US for complixn/pathology (stone, abscess)
Tension Pneumo:
NEEDLE first, then tube
hyperemesis gravidum:
could be molar always -->test bHCG in molar will be >100k
should resolve on own by mid-pregnancy
pre-eclamptic pt in labor has depressed DTRs
Mg toxicity, followed by respiratory depression
tx: dc Mg, admin Ca2+ gluconate
painless oral ulcers, arthritis, hematologic abnormalities (thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia), proteinuria, RBC casts
RA will not have oral ulcers or renal dz
Type of Nephropathy which leads to renal vein thrombosis:
membranous glomerulonephritis most associaed with RVT
Oral Tx for Endocarditis
You cannot treat endocarditis with ORALs
water bottle heart
pericardial effusion
Tx regiment: Chronic HepC with normal liver enzymes
no tx, yearly liver tests.
Fight Bite Infx Tx
Augmentin
when doi you use octerotide for liver failure
with midodrine in hepatorenal sro
SLE
Hereditary Spherocytosis Pts get
Folate supplements
baclofen:
muscle relaxant for UMN sx
CHF vs COPD exacerbations
CHF will be crackles and alkalosis
COPD exacerbation will be wheezes and acidosis
dilute urine in presence of high serum osmols
--> DI
hypothyroid myopathy
is a thing
hepatic vein thrombosis + hemolytic anemia
Think paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
clind hits
positives & anaerobes
multiple nontender lesions on penis turn white with acetic acid
?
variable endothoracic upper airway obstruction
tx for meningococcal meningitis is ceftriaxone
donepazil is for what?
d
linear atelectasis on CXR suggests
bronchiectasis
MCC: Congenital hypothyroidism
thyroid dysgenesis
Start Ganciclovir at what CD4 count
Ganciclovir not currently recommended for prophlaxis in HIV
at <50 you prophylact vs MAC
at <50 you prophylact vs
at <50 you prophylact vs MAC
Ganciclovir not currently recommended for prophlaxis in HIV
Trauma Pt
Elevated PCWP 2/2 NS Bolus with Hypotension
Think Myocardial Contusion
ABO incompatibility with baby
--> mild hemolytic disease of newborns;
Medial Medullary Lesion
occlusion of vertebral artery;
contralateral paralysis, contralateral loss of tactile, vibratory ^& positional sense, tongue deviated to injured side.
Lateral Midpontine Lesion
impaired sensory & motor function of CNV with limb ataxia
Medial Pontine Lesion:
Ipsilateral Limb Ataxia & Contralateral Eye deviation, paralysis of face, arm & leg +/- imparied touch & position sense
Lateral Medullary Lesion
: Wallenberg Sero: ipsilateral horner sro, loss of pain & temp to face, weakness of palate, pharynx & vocal cords, cerebellar ataxia; loss of pain & temp from contralateral side
Central Midbraine Lesion
Oculomotor paresis & other CN3, cerebellar ataxia & contralateral hemiplegaia.
Weber's sro, Benedikit's Sro, Claude's Ssro, Nothnagel's Sro, parinaud's Sro.
?
MCC: left sided subacute infective endocarditis
mitral valve PROLAPSE.
MITRAL STENOSIS IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOCARDITIS.
DOC: gonococcal vs chlamydial conjunctivitis
gonococcal: ceftriaxone, chlamydiral: oral erythromycin
Most influential factor for reducing limb amputation with Chorionic Villous Sampling:
Gestational Age of Fetus
Cauda Equina Sro is compression of the
NERVE ROOTS not spinal cord. It's a ton of LMN sx.
nitrates vs Leukocyte esterase
Nitrates: enterobacteriaceae
LE: PMN's
Recent Unilateral Vision Loss, You Suspect Temporal Arteritis, Course of Action:
High Dose Prednisone. You can definitively dx later.
What is the main problem you can run into with post-term pregnancies:
oligohydramnios; defined as no vertical pocket of fluid >2cm or an AFI of 5cm or less
The 3 types of Renal Tubular Acidosis
have fun with that
Tx Thalassemias
Thalasemias Do not Respond to Iron Treatment
Beta vs Alpha Thals
only real difference is that beta thalassemia has elevated HgA2 on electrophoresis, whereas alpha looks normal
Abdominal Trauma Pt sent home, cleared by CT, returns in fever, chills, & abdominal pain
--> missed pancreatic lac--> pseudocyst --> abscess
lichen sclorisis et atrophicus
course of action
any lady with lichen sclorisis et atrophicus has a higher risk of cancer so you punch bx that **** vs squamous cell carcinoma
non-Ca tx = topical corticosteroid (it's autoimmune)
Empiric Tx for Endometritis
Clind + Gent
Clind vs anaerobes & positives, Gent vs negs.
Steatorrhea + 1/2 h of pain with every meal
--> sounds like chronic pancreatitis
WPW + Afib-->
convert to sinus with procainamide; do not slow AV Node
slow AV node --> accessory pathway --> vfib
Of all the pulmonary renal sros which requires emergent plasmapheresis
goodpasture requires emergent plasmapheresis
wegeners is treated with cyclophosphamide & steroids
Young risk-less pt has a fluid filled cyst which you aspirate & completely collapse
course of action
foul smelling or bloodly -> cytology
clear fluid --> observe for 4 weeks
Rx for CLL
Rx for NHL:
Rx for Hairy Cell:
Rx for CLL
Chlorambucil
Rx for NHL: CHOP
Rx for Hairy Cell: CLadribine
MCC Constrictive Carditis in Mexico
TB
Step 1 in aSx SIADH:
fluid restriction
DOC: impetigo:
mild: topical mupirocin or erythromycin
severe: diclox, amox, cephalexin
Anteiror, Middle, Posterior MEdiastinum
Broncogenic cysts occur in middle mediastinum
thymomoa usually found in anterior mediastinum
neurogenic tumors all in posterior mediastinum
baby has noisy breathing (inspiratory only) when on back, improves when sitting up, chin up
laryngomalacia
epiglottis rolls from side to side on direct laryngoscopy is diagnostic
most children improve gradually, healty by 2 years old
in the mean time, child should be in upright postiion for 30 min after each feeding & never fed lying down.
Neoadjuvant vs Salvage vs Consolidation vs maintenance cancer intervention
Maintenence: keep cancer in remissino
neoadjuvant: given before standard therapy for a disease, ie radiation to reduce size
Induction: rapidly kill tumor cells & send pt into remission (=<5% tumor buburden)
cosolidation: after induction to further reduce burden
adjuvent: given in addition to standard therapy at same time as standard therapy
salvage: given in addition to standard therapy when standard therapy has failed
actinomycies israeli response to
IV PCN
diagnostic requirement of schizoaffective disorder:
psychosis + mood disturbances, with at least 2 weeks of psychotic sx without mood sx
greatest risk factor for variant angina, tx
ie prinzmetal = smoking
tx: CCBs & Nitrates to prevent vasoconstrixn
SCID vs Common Varibale ID vs Brutons vs WAS
SCID: absent LNS & tonsils, lymphopenia, absent thymic shadow, few NK's, Ts & Bs'
CVID: acquired hypogammagloulinemia: young adults with decreases in Ig's & no change in T's or # of B's
Brutons is few #B's & almost no Ig's
Wisckott Ladrich: XLR, bleeding, atopy & low Ig's.
Sarcoid CXR
they may not say "hilar lymphadenopathy" with sarcoid, could just be "diffuse interstitial infiltrates"
CIN2 Lesion sp LEEP
Pap + Cytology q6mo until 3 negatives, then to normal cancer screening
MM Tetrad:
CRAB: Hypercalcemia, Renal Impairment, Anemia, Bone problems,
Beckwith-Widemann Sro:
hypotonia, macrosomia, microcephaly with Macroglossia, Visceromegaly (Omphalocele), Hyperinulinemia/Hypoglycemia
11p duplication, IGF2 overexpression
prominent occipute & eyes
Risks: Wilms' tumor, hepatoblastoma, gonadopblastoma
Beckwith Widermann S vs Congenital Hypothyroidism:
appear very similar:
hypotonia, macroglossia, ; no hypoglycemia/hyperinsulinemia; umbilical hernia instead of omphalocele
macrocephaly not microcephaly
Infant of a Diabetic Mother Risk
Caudal Regression, Transposition of Greats, Duodenal Atresia, Small Left Colon, Anencephaly/NTDs
WAGR:
Wilm's Tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary Anomaly, mental Retardation; Chrom 11 deletion, incl WT1 & PAX6
Denys-Drash:
Male pseudohermaphrodism, early onset renal failure 2/2 mesangial sclerosis
EKG signs of paroxysmal bradyarrhymias:
prolonged PR, prolonged QRS (BBB)
TX: SCFE
= Immediate Surgical Screw Fixation
elyte imbalance with SAH:
"Cerebral Salt Wasting" Hyponatremia: combination of SIADH & increased Brain Natriuretic Peptide
Empiric Tx of Meningitis:
community acquired bacterial: Vanc + Ceftriaxone = S pneumonia, H influ, N meningitidis
add Amp to cover Listeria in over 55, immunocomped
IV cefotaxime + amp = <3yo.
Cefotaxime covers the 3 community acquired & amp covers Listeria (replaced with Van & ceftriaxone in older because of biliary sludging)
IV ceftazidime + vanc for Hospital Acuired to cover Staph & Pseudomonas
Amantadine
Amantadine is for Parkinsons
inhibin and Downs
?
coup kiddo needs in respiratory failure
always give a trial of epi in croup before intubation
pre-schooler with unilteral fluctuant cervical lymphadenopathy
--> staph aureus
nephrotic sro: dense C3 deposits within basement membrane, no Ig's
--> membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 2 "dense deposit dz" caused by IgG antibodies directed against C3 convertase --> lead to persistent activation of complement & C3 deposition.
pt has weight loss, hyperglycemia, & rash
rash is necrotiszing dermatitis, this is classic triad of glycacongoma
dx: CT, fasting glucose& glucagon, tx: surgical excision
how long before veganism catches up to your B12 stores
5 years
the shiny tongue of b12 deficiency is because of the atrophic gastritis not the deficiency?
pregnant urine culture when
pregnant urine culture only btw 12 & 16 wks
Parkinsons Rx's which cause
what SE's
hallucinations - DA agonists
choreiform dyskinesa: COMT inhibitors (entacapone, tolcapone)
Levido reticularis: amantadine
urinary retention: anticholinergics (benztropine)
systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur at left sternal border without carotid radiation
HCOM
glasgow coma scale
x
estrogen replacement & thyroid fnx
increases thyroid hormone metzm rate
alpha naphtyl esterase positive
acute monocytic leukemia (FABM5) - gingival hyperplasia & bleeding gums
alcohol abuse --> megaloblastic anemia
folate
what does renin actually do (molecularly)
cleaves angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1
neonate has a hydrocele:
most will resolve spontaneously by 1 year; surgical intervention thereafter to prevent inguinal hernia.
Pt has MGUS
do a skeletal bone radiorgaphy survey
confirm the dx of aortic dissection:
esophageal echo
lgsil:
premenopausal: colp & bx
post: choices
hypothalamic - pituitary failure (hypothyroidism) can occur with cirrhosis
yep
2 risk factors for CAD
goal is 130 initiate therapy for >160 if 10%, for >130 if 10-20%
why is NaHCO3 good for TCA OD?
Na load alleviates action of TCA on Na channels, alkalinization of serum decreases TCA affinity for Na Channels
should admin if QRS>0.10
All torchs
Toxoplasma, Rubeela, CMV, HSV, Syphillis
create HSM, microcephaly, chorioretinitis, thrombocytopenia, deafness
Things which prevent confounding
randomization vs confounding
restriction & matching also vs confounding
when to give ca gluconate
K>6.5, EKG changes, muscular paralysis
else just stop offending causes
HIV retinitis vs CMV retinitis
CMV: yellow, HIV: cotton wool
MCC: metal contact dermatitis
nickel
HIV pt with lung infx CD4 at 400:
Pneumoccocus is most common for typical pneumonia
PCP: dry cough & dyspnea
Tx: Social Phobia
Assertiveness Training & SSRI (apparently not Beta Blocker)
3 beta hydroxylase deficiency
decreased testosterone & mineralcorticoids --> DHEA-S excess
21 beta hydroxylase deficiency vs 11
21 beta hydroxylase deficiency more common than 11;
21 can be complete (neonatal) or incomplete (puberty)
Thyroid Panel in Pregnancy
in pregnancy an increase in estrogen leads to an increase in TBG, results in an increase in T3 and T4 with normal activity and normal TSH
to diagnose endometriosis
you need to go in laproscopically
no imaging method can adequately distinguish soft ts vs soft ts.
anti-smooth muscle antibodies
autoimmune hepatitis
qid 2285 for awesome neurologic dysnfx
indeed