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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ligament containing the ovarian vessels
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suspensory ligament of the ovaries
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ligament that anchors the ovaries to the lateral pelvic wall
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suspensory ligament of the ovaries
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ligament that contains the uterine vessels
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cardinal ligament
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ligament that anchors the cervix to the lateral pelvic wall
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cardinal ligament
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ligament that anchors the uterine fundus to the labia majora
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round ligament of the uterus
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ligament that anchors the ovary to the lateral uterus
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ligament of the ovary
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ligament that is composed of the mesosalpinx, mesometrium, and mesovarium
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broad ligament
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ligament that anchors the uterus, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries to the lateral pelvic wall
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broad ligament
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pathway of sperm during ejaculation (SEVEnUP)
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seminiferous tubules, epididymus, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis
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ovarian cell that responds to LH
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theca cell
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ovarian cell that responds to FSH
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granulosa cell
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ovarian cell that converts cholesterol to androstenedione with desmolase
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theca cell
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ovarian cell that converts androgens into estrogens with aromatase
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granulosa cell
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ovarian cell that secretes inhibin to provide negative feedback on FSH
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granulosa cell
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4N diploid cell
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primary oocyte/spermatocyte
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2N haploid cell
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secondary oocyte/spermatocyte
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2N diploid cell
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oogonium/spermatogonium
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N haploid cell
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ovum/sperm
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In what stage of meiosis does the primary oocyte arrest?
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prophase I
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In what stage of meiosis does the secondary oocyte arrest?
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metaphase II
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What stimulates the primary oocyte to move from prophase I through metaphase II?
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ovulation
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What stimulates the secondary oocyte to move from metaphase II through telophase II?
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fertilization
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During which week of gestation does B-hCG secretion by the syncytiotrophoblast peak?
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week 10
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What secretes B-hCG?
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the syncytiotrophoblast
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What does B-hCG do?
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stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone
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When does the placenta take over secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum?
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~18 weeks
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What stimulates lactation after delivery?
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drop in progesterone (from delivery of the placenta)
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What nerve fibers control emission?
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sympathetic fibers in the hypogastric nerve
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What nerve fibers control ejaculation?
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visceral/somatic fibers in the pudendal nerve
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What testicular cells respond to LH?
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Leydig cells
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What testicular cells respond to FSH and secrete inhibin?
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Sertoli cells
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What testicular cell secretes anti-Mullerian hormone during development?
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Sertoli cells
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What testicular cell promotes sperm development?
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Sertoli cell
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What testicular cell makes testosterone?
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Leydig cells under the control of LH
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What cell forms the blood-testis barrier?
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Sertoli cells
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What testicular cells are temperature sensitive?
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Sertoli cells (and thus sperm)
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What is the HORMONAL abnormality in Klinefelter's syndrome (47XXY)?
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abnormal Leydig cell function --> decreased T --> increased LH --> increased estrogens but still cannot increase T
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What causes cystic hygroma in Turner syndrome?
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abnormalities in lymphatics lead to cystic hygroma, causing neck webbing
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Inheritance pattern of Kallmann syndrome?
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autosomal dominant
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presents with painful bleeding in the third trimester and usually leads to fetal demise
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placental abruption
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presents with massive bleeding after delivery because the placenta does not properly separate
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placenta accretia
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presents with painless bleeding in any trimester because the placenta blocks the cervix
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placenta previa
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In PCOS, LH is ___, FSH is ___, T is ___, and estrogen is ___.
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LH high, FSH low, T high, estrogen high
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ovarian cyst with distention of unruptured graafian follicle; causes hyperestrinism and endometrial hyperplasia
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follicular ovarian cyst
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ovarian cyst with hemorrhage into a persistent corpus luteum that regresses spontaneously
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corpus luteum cyst
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multiple bilateral ovarian cysts that develop secondary to gonadotropin stimulation, choriocarcinomas, or moles
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theca-lutein ovarian cysts
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another name for mature teratoma on the ovary
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dermoid cyst
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malignant ovarian tumor associated with Turner syndrome; secretes hCG and LDH
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dysgerminoma
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malignant tumor that arises from the placenta or the ovary, secretes hCG, and has early metastases to the lungs
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choriocarcinoma
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malignant ovarian tumor that sometimes occurs in the sacrococcygeal area of young children; secretes AFP
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yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
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another name for yolk sac tumor
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endodermal sinus tumor
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malignant ovarian or testicular tumor with Schiller-Duval bodies, which resemble glomeruli
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yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
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most common germ cell tumor in females
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teratoma (mature teratomas are benign in females)
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what is struma ovarii?
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functional thyroid tissue arising from a mature teratoma; can cause hyperthyroidism
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benign ovarian tumor, often bilateral, lined with Fallopian tube-like epithelium
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serous cystadenoma
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most common malignant ovarian tumor
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serous cystadenocarcinoma
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malignant ovarian tumor, often bilateral, psammoma bodies
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serous cystadenocarcinoma (usually papillary)
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ovarian tumor presenting as a multilocular cyst that looks like intestine on biopsy
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mucinous cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma
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what is pseudomyxoma peritonei?
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a condition associated with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. peritoneum filled with mucinous material. can also come from appendix.
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benign ovarian tumor that looks like bladder, except with coffee bean nuclei on H/E
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Brenner tumor
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presents with a "pulling" sensation in the groin of a female
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ovarian fibroma
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ovarian fibroma + ascites + hydrothorax
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Meigs' syndrome
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ovarian tumor with Call-Exner bodies
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granulosa cell tumor
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ovarian tumor that secretes estrogen
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granulosa cell tumor
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ovarian tumor that can cause precocious puberty
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granulosa cell tumor
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diffuse (signet ring) gastric cancer metastases to the ovaries
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Krukenberg tumor
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variant of rhabdomyosarcoma that presents with a vaginal mass in children <4
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sarcoma botryoides
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most common breast tumor in women <35
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fibroadenoma
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small benign breast tumor underneath the areola that can cause serous or bloody nipple discharge
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intraductal papilloma (1.5-2x increased risk of BCA)
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large bulky breast mass of leaf-like projections that sometimes becomes malignant
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phyllodes tumor
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a subtype of DCIS that shows caseous necrosis
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comedocarcinoma
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malignant breast tumor showing a stellate pattern with small glandular cells
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invasive ductal carcinoma
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most common malignant breast cancer
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invasive ductal carcinoma
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breast cancer with the worst prognosis
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invasive ductal carcinoma
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malignant breast tumor with orderly rows of cells, often multiple and bilateral
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invasive lobular carcinoma
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malignant breast tumor with a fleshy, cellular, lymphocytic infiltrate with a good prognosis
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medullary carcinoma of the breast
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malignant breast tumor that invades dermal lymphatics
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inflammatory breast cancer
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eczematous patches on the nipple; biopsy shows cells with a clear halo in the epidermis; suggests underlying breast cancer
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Paget's disease of the breast
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most common cause of "breast lump" ages 25-50
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fibrocystic change
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presents with multiple, bilateral breast lumps whose size and sensitivity fluctuates with the menstrual cycle
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fibrocystic change
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most common cause of acute mastitis
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S. aureus
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SCC of penis (in situ) presenting with 1 whitish plaque
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Bowen's disease
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SCC of penis (in situ) presenting with multiple, red-brown papules
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bowenoid papulosis
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SCC of penis (in situ) presenting with shiny red plaques
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erythroplasia of Queyrat
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does BPH cause a greater increase in free PSA or bound PSA?
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free PSA
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type of bone metastases caused by prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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osteoblastic
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type of bone metastases caused by breast cancer
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osteolytic/osteoblastic
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hormonal findings in unilateral cryptorchidism: LH, T, FSH, inhibin
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LH high, T normal, FSH high, inhibin low
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hormonal findings in bilateral cryptorchidism: LH, T, FSH, inhibin
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LH high, T low, FSH high, inhibin low
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PLAP positive testicular tumor
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seminoma
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testicular tumor with large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and "fried egg" appearance
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seminoma
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testicular tumor that is painful and usually part of a mixed tumor
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embryonal carcinoma
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testicular tumor that is yellow and mucinous with Schiller-Duval bodies
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yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
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most common testicular tumor in prepubertal boys
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yolk sac tumor
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most common testicular tumor in postpubertal boys and men
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seminoma
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testicular tumor with disordered syncytio- and cytotrophoblastic elemants, with early spread to lungs
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choriocarcinoma
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testicular tumor that may present with gynecomastia
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a tumor secreting B-hCG, such as choriocarcinoma or embryonal carcinoma
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testicular tumor that produces androgens and is golden brown with Reinke crystals
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Leydig cell tumor
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testicular tumor also called androblastoma
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Sertoli cell tumor
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most common malignancy of testes in men >65
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testicular lymphoma
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leuprolide
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GnRH agonist
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finasteride
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5a-reductase inhibitor
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flutamide
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competitive antagonist of androgen receptors
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anti-androgen that inhibits desmolase
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ketoconazole
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anti-androgen that inhibits sex steroid binding (along with aldosterone)
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spironolactone
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clomiphene
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partial agonist at hypothalamic estrogen receptors. prevents normal feedback inhibition of LH, FSH secretion, causing ovulation.
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tamoxifen
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estrogen antagonist at breast, estrogen agonist at endometrium & bone
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raloxifene
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estrogen agonist at bone
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anastrozole and exemestane
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aromatase inhibitors (for breast cancer)
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mifepristone (RU-486)
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competitive inhibitor at progesterone receptors
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components of medical abortion pill
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mifepristone, misoprostol
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mechanism of action of OCP's (major)
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estrogens inhibit LH/FSH secretion and thus prevent LH surge and ovulation
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mechanism of action of OCP's (minor)
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progesterone thickens cervical mucus, preventing fertilization
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ritodrine, terbutaline
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B2 agonists that relax the uterus (tocolytics)
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tamsulosin, other -zosins
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alpha1 antagonists that relax the bladder and facilitate emptying
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danazol
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partial agonist at androgen receptors, used for endometriosis and hereditary angioedema
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