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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bind integrin on cell to laminin on basement membrane
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hemidesmosome
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made of claudins and occludins
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tight junction (zona occludens)
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made of cadherins bound to actin
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intermediate junction (zona adherens)
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made of cadherins bound to intermediate filaments like keratin and desmoplakin
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desmosomes (macula adherens)
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composed of connexins
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gap junction
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List the 5 epidermis layers starting from the outside.
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corneum, granulosum, lucidum, spinosum, basalis ("California Girls Like String Bikinis")
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line in the middle of myosin
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M line
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surrounds the M line, composed of myosin only
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H band
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includes all the myosin
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A band
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line in the middle of actin
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Z line
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includes all the actin
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I band
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from Z line to Z line
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sarcomere
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activation of myosin light chain kinase results in contraction or relaxation?
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contraction
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in smooth muscle, Ca2+ binds to ___, which activates MLCK
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calmodulin
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How does nitric oxide relax smooth muscle?
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Activates guanylate cyclase --> more cGMP --| MLCK
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rotator cuff muscle that abducts arm initially
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supraspinatus
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rotator cuff muscle that laterally rotates arm
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infraspinatus
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rotator cuff muscle that adducts, laterally rotates arm
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teres minor
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rotator cuff muscle that adducts, internally rotates arm
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subscapularis
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unhappy triad occurring from lateral blow to the knee
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ACL + MCL + medial meniscus
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wrist bones starting at the lateral radius
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scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
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damaged by fracture of surgical neck of the humerus
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axillary nerve
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damaged by anterior dislocation of the humerus
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axillary nerve
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damaged by IM injections into the arm
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axillary nerve
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compressed by the incorrect use of crutches
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radial nerve
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compressed by midshaft fracture of the humerus
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radial nerve
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stretched by subluxation of the radius (nursemaid's elbow)
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deep branch of the radial nerve
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compressed by a supracondylar fracture of the humerus
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median nerve
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compressed by pronator teres syndrome
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median nerve
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damaged by fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus
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ulnar nerve
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damaged by hook of hamate fracture
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ulnar nerve
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damaged in Erb's palsy (waiter's tip)
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upper trunk of brachial plexus
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damaged in Klumpke's palsy (claw hand)
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lower trunk of brachial plexus
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dermatome innervating 1st and 2nd digits
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C6
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dermatome innervating 3rd digit
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C7
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dermatome innervating 4th and 5th digits
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C8
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dermatome innervating medial side of arm
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T1
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dermatome innervating lateral arm (upper, lower)
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C5 upper, C6 lower
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injured by dislocation of the lunate
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median nerve
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paralysis of arm abductors, paralysis of lateral rotators, elbow pronation
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Erb's palsy
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thoracic outlet syndrome leads to...
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Klumpke's palsy due to compression of the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus; also compression of the subclavian artery
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the radial pulse disappears when the patient moves her head to the side
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thoracic outlet syndrome
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what muscles flex the MCPs and extend the PIPs and DIPs?
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lumbricals
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abduction of the fingers
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dorsal interosseus
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adduction of the fingers
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palmar interosseus
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thenar muscles innervated by the median nerve
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opponen pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis
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hypothenar muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve
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opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi
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injured by anterior hip dislocation
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obturator nerve
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injured by pelvic fracture
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femoral nerve
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injured by fracture of the fibular neck
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common peroneal nerve
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injured by knee trauma
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tibial nerve
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injured by posterior hip dislocation
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superior gluteal nerve, inferior gluteal nerve
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contralateral lesion causes Trendelenberg
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superior gluteal nerve
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thigh adduction
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obturator nerve
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thigh flexion and leg extension
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femoral nerve
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foot eversion and dorsiflexion; toe extension
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common peroneal nerve
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foot inversion and plantarflexion; toe flexion
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tibial nerve
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thigh abduction
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superior gluteal nerve
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innervates gluteus maximus
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inferior gluteal nerve
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innervates the sole of the foot
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tibial nerve
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innervates the skin of the dorsal foot and anterolateral leg
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superficial peroneal nerve
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innervates the skin of the anterior thigh and medial leg
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femoral nerve
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innervates the skin of the medial thigh
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obturator nerve
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genetic defect in carbonic anhydrase II leading to failure of osteoclasts
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osteopetrosis
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another name for osteitis deformans
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Paget's disease of bone
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characterized by increased osteoclastic and reactive osteoblastic activity
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Paget's disease of bone
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mosaic bone pattern leading to long bone chalk-stick fracture
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Paget's disease of bone
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bone disease that can cause high output heart failure
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Paget's disease of bone (increased blood flow from AV shunts)
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lab values in osteoporosis and osteopetrosis
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all normal
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lab values in ricketts and osteomalacia: Ca2+, phosphate, ALP, PTH
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Ca2+ low, phosphate low, ALP high, PTH high
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lab values in osteitis fibrosa cystica (hyperparathyroidism): Ca2+, phosphate, ALP, PTH
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Ca2+ high, phosphate low, ALP high, PTH high
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only lab abnormality in Paget's disease of bone
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high ALP
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what is the epiphysis?
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the end of a long bone
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what is the metaphysis?
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connects the epiphysis to the diaphysis; highly vascularized
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what is the diaphysis?
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the long middle part of a long bone
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What tumors commonly appear in the diaphysis?
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Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma
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What tumors commonly appear at the metaphysis?
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osteosarcoma, osteochondroma
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What tumors commonly appear in the epiphysis?
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giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)
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"soap bubble" appearance on x-ray; biopsy shows spindle-shaped cells with multinucleated giant cells
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giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)
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x-ray shows mature bone with a cartilaginous cap growing like a polyp off the metaphysis
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osteochondroma (exostosis)
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most common benign bone tumor, appears in males under 25
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osteochondroma
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x-ray shows Codman's triangle or "sunburst" pattern
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osteosarcoma
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osteochondromas occasionally transform into...
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chondrosarcoma
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grossly shows an expansile glistening mass with a medullary cavity
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chondrosarcoma
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osteoarthritis of the DIP
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Heberden's node
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osteoarthritis of the PIP
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Bouchard's node
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rheumatic complication of von Gierke's disease
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gout
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yellow under parallel polarized light
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gout
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blue under parallel polarized light
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pseudogout
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complications of ankylosing spondylitis
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uveitis and aortic regurgitation
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Shaumann and asteroid bodies
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sarcoidosis
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uveoparotitis
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sarcoidosis
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associated with temporal arteritis
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polymyalgia rheumatica
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difference between polymyalgia rheumatica and polymyositis
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polymyalgia rheumatica causes pain without weakness; polymyositis causes weakness without pain
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what is dermatomyositis?
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polymyositis + skin findings
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malar rash, Grotton's papules (on fingers), heliotrope rash, "shawl and face" rash" or "mechanic's hands"
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dermatologic components of dermatomyositis
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CREST stands for
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calcinosis, Reynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia
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flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation with keratin-filled (horn) cysts; looks "pasted on"
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seborrheic keratosis
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sign of Leser-Trelat
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sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses indicative of underlying malignancy
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small, rough, erythematous or brownish papules, sometimes called "cutaneous horn"
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actinic keratosis
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SSSS exotosin destroys attachments in which layer of the epidermis?
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stratum granulosum only
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bullae with positive Nikolsky's sign
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pemphigus vulgaris
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bullae with negative Nikolsky's sign
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bullous pemphigoid
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dermal bullae with involvement of the oral mucosa
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pemphigus vulgaris
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dermal bullae sparing the oral mucosa
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bullous pemphigoid
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pruritic, purple, polygonal papules with sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction
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lichen planus
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infection associated with lichen planus
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hepatitis C
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herald patch followed by Christmas tree (total body) papular rash
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pityriasis rosea
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skin cancer predisposed by arsenic
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SCC of skin
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rolled edges with a central ulceration, or a pearly papule with telangectasias
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BCC of skin
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