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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of S. aureus?
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Gram + cocci
Catalase + Coagulase + TSST-1 and entertoxins |
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What are the characteristics of S. pyogenes?
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Gram + cocci
Catalase - B hemolytic Bacitracin sensitive (Group A) |
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What are the characteristics of S. pneumoniae?
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Gram + cocci
Catalase - A hemolytic Optochin sensitive, bile soluble |
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Name the Gram positive bacilli
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Bacillus
Clostridium Corynebacterium Listeria |
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What are the characteristics of N. meningitidis?
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Gram - cocci
maltose fermenter |
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What are the characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae?
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Gram - cocci
maltose nonfermenter |
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Name the Gram - "coccoid" rods
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Haemophilus influenzae
Bordetella pertussis |
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Gram - bacillus that ferments lactose
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E. coli
Klebsiella |
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Gram - bacilli that does not ferment lactose and is oxidase -
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Proteus
Shigella Salmonella |
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Gram - bacilli that does not ferment lactose and is oxidase +
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Pseudomonas
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Gram - cocci that ferments maltose
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N. meningitidis
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Gram - cocci that does not ferment maltose
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N. gonorrhoeae
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Phenylalanine can be used to produce what derivatives?
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Phe-->Tyrosine-->Thyroxine or DOPA-->Melanin or DA-->NE-->Epi
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Tryptophan derivatives
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Serotonin, Melatonin, Niacin-->NAD/NADP
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Histidine derivatives
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Histamine
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Glycine derivatives
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Porphyrin-->Heme
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Arginine derivatives
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Urea, Nitric oxide, Creatine
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Glutamate derivatives
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GABA
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What is the metabolic defect in phenylketonuria?
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decreased phenylalanine hydroxylase or decreased tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor resulting in decreased conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Tyrosine becomes essential and phenylketones are present in urine
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What are the clinical findings of phenylketonuria?
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mental retardation, growth retardation, musty body odor, fair skin, eczema
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What is the cause of alkaptonuria?
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congenital deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase
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What is the cause of albinism?
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either:
1) failure of neural crest to migrate 2) lack of tyrosinase (AR) 3) defective tyrosine transporters both result in decreased production of melanin from tyrosine (Tyr>DOPA>Melanin) |
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What is the cause of homocystinuria?
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either:
1) cystathionine synthase deficiency 2) decreased affinity of cystathionine synthase for pyradoxyl phosphate (B6) 3) methionine synthase deficiency |
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What is the cause of cystinuria?
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defective renal tubular transporter for the amino acids Cysteine, Ornithine, Lysine, Arginine (COLA)
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What is a potential complication of cystinuria and what is the treatment?
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cystine kidney stones - treated with acetazolamide to alkalinize the urine
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What is the cause of maple syrup urine disease?
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defective a-ketoacid dehydrogenase results in an inability to break down Ile, Leu, Val
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Adenosine deaminase deficiency is associated with what disease?
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) - is seen primarily in kids
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What is the cause of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?
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absence of HGPRTase results in excess uric acid production
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Which diseases cause purine salvage deficiency?
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and Adenosine Deaminase deficiency
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